Yearly central bank gold purchases since 2019.

Chart via the WGC.

A record 95 percent of respondents to the WGC survey stated their belief that central banks will continue to grow their holdings, with 5 percent suggesting they would hold at current levels. For the second year in a row, no respondents expected reserves to decrease.

The Council found that sentiment was consistent across advanced and emerging economies and reflected the strategic role of gold amid dynamic economic and geopolitical uncertainty.

1. United States

Gold reserves: 8,133.46 metric tons

When it comes to the largest gold depository in the world, the American central bank is number one with 8,133.46 metric tons of gold.

A large percentage of US gold is held in “deep storage” in Denver, Fort Knox and West Point. As the US Treasury explains, deep storage is “that portion of the US Government-owned gold bullion reserve which the Mint secures in sealed vaults that are examined annually by the Treasury Department’s Office of the Inspector General and consists primarily of gold bars.”

The rest of US-owned reserves are held as working stock, which the country’s mint uses as raw material to mint congressionally authorized coins.

2. Germany

Gold reserves: 3,350.3 metric tons

The Bundesbank, Germany’s central bank, currently owns 3,351.53 metric tons of gold. Like many of the central banks on this list, the German national bank stores a significant portion of its gold in foreign central banks.

Today, just over half of Germany’s gold holdings are stored within Frankfurt, while internationally 1,236 MT of gold is stored in the vaults of the New York Federal Reserve, and 12 percent of its holdings are in London.

The Bundesbank’s foreign gold reserves came into question in 2012, when the German Federal Court of Auditors, the Bundesrechnungshof, was openly critical of the Bundesbank’s gold auditing. The German bank issued a public statement defending the security of foreign banks. Privately, the Bundesbank then began the arduous process of repatriating some of its gold stock back to German soil. By 2016, more than 583 MT of gold had been transferred back to Germany.

The economic upheaval and geopolitical volatility brought about by US President Donald Trump’s tariff wars and adversarial posturing toward Europe has led to calls for Germany to consider further repatriating its gold, reported The Guardian in January 2026.

3. Italy

Gold reserves: 2,451.9 metric tons

Banca d’Italia, the national bank of Italy, holds 2,451.84 metric tons of gold. The central bank began amassing its gold in 1893, when three separate financial institutions merged into one. From there, its 78 MT of holdings slowly grew into the large gold reserves it holds today.

Like Germany, Italy stores parts of its reserves offshore. In total, 141.2 MT are located in the UK, 149.3 MT are in Switzerland and 1,061 MT are kept in the US Federal Reserve. Italy houses 1,100 MT of gold domestically.

4. France

Gold reserves: 2,437 metric tons

The Banque de France has 2,437 metric tons of gold reserves, all of which it keeps on hand. The precious metal is stored in the bank’s secure underground vault, dubbed La Souterraine, which is located 27 meters below street level.

La Souterraine’s gold vaults are one of the four designated gold depositories of the International Monetary Fund.

According to Investopedia, the collapse of the Bretton Woods gold standard system was in part due to former French President Charles de Gaulle, who “called the U.S. bluff and began actually trading dollars in for gold from the Fort Knox reserves.” At the time, US President Richard Nixon “was forced to take the U.S. off the gold standard, ending the dollar’s automatic convertibility into gold.”

5. Russia

Gold reserves: 2,326.5 metric tons

The Bank of Russia is the official central bank of the Russian Federation and owns 2,332.74 metric tons of gold. Like France, Russia’s central bank has opted to store all its physical gold domestically. The Bank of Russia stores two-thirds of its gold reserves in a bank building in Moscow, and the remaining one-third in Saint Petersburg.

The majority of the yellow metal is in the form of large, variable-weight standard gold bars weighing between 10 and 14 kilograms. There are also smaller bars on site weighing as much as 1 kilogram each.

Russia, which is the second largest gold producer by country, has been a steady purchaser of the precious metal since roughly 2007, with sales ramping up significantly between 2015 and 2020. However, Russia’s refineries were banned from selling gold bullion into the London market following the country’s invasion of Ukraine. Sanctions by the west also include a freeze on about half of Russia’s gold reserves.

In early 2022, Russia tied its currency, the ruble, to the yellow metal. ‘The plan was to shift the currency away from a pegged value and into the gold standard itself so the ruble would become a credible gold substitute at a fixed rate,’ according to Robert Huish, an Associate Professor in International Development Studies at Dalhousie University.

6. China

Gold reserves: 2,306.3 metric tons

The central bank for Mainland China is the People’s Bank of China (PBoC), located in Beijing. According to the WGC, the national financial institute stores 2,279.56 metric tons of gold, most which has been purchased since 2000. In 2001, the PBoC had 400 MT of gold in reserve, but in just a little more than two decades that total has climbed by 459 percent.

The PBoC issues the Panda gold coin, which was first created in 1982. The Panda coin is now one of the top five bullion coins issued by a central bank. It is among the ranks of the American Eagle, Canadian Maple Leaf, South African Krugerrand and Australian Gold Nugget.

The PBoC was one of the top gold buyers of the world’s central banks for 2024 and 2025, purchasing 44 MT and 27 MT of gold during the years respectively. April 2024 marked the 18th consecutive month of gold buying for China’s central bank, which paused its purchases afterward until picking them up again in November. As of January 2026, it has purchased gold for a further 15 consecutive months.

7. Switzerland

Gold reserves: 1,039.9 metric tons

The Swiss National Bank (SNB) holds the seventh largest central bank gold reserves. Its 1,039.94 metric tons of gold are owned by the state of Switzerland, but the central bank manages and maintains the reserve. The Swiss constitution allows the SNB to buy and sell gold with market trends, but it is not required to report the sales.

After years of opaqueness regarding the country’s golden treasure trove and increased selling in 2011 as prices rose, the Swiss Gold Initiative was launched in 2011.

The initiative called for an amendment to the constitution to add three new points to it. The first was a mandate for all reserve gold to be held physically in Switzerland. The other two dealt with the central bank’s ability to sell its gold reserves, along with a decree that 20 percent of the Swiss bank’s assets be held in gold.

This culminated in a national referendum in 2014 that failed to reach a majority of votes. However, the public conversation did prompt the bank to be more transparent.

According to a 2013 release, the central bank reported that 70 percent of its gold reserve was held domestically, 20 percent was located at the Bank of England and 10 percent was stored with the Bank of Canada.

8. India

Gold reserves: 880.2 metric tons

The Reserve Bank of India is another central bank that has fervently acted to increase its holdings in recent years. It began adding to its gold assets in 2017; however, the majority of its purchases have taken place in the past four years.

Strikingly, after India’s central bank purchased 16 MT of gold in 2023, the institution scooped up another 72 MT of the precious metal in 2024. However, its 2025 purchases totaled just 4 MT, its lowest in eight years.

While more than half of its gold is held overseas in safe custody with the Bank of England and the Bank of International Settlements, about a third of its gold is held domestically. In June 2024, India repatriated 100 MT of gold from the United Kingdom. This was the first time since 1991 that the Reserve Bank of India moved its overseas gold holdings back home.

9. Japan

Gold reserves: 846 metric tons

The Bank of Japan currently holds 846 metric tons of gold. Public information about the Bank of Japan’s gold reserves is hard to come by.

In 2000, the island nation was holding approximately 753 MT of the yellow metal, and by 2004, the Bank of Japan’s gold store had grown to 765.2 MT. Its gold reserves remained at that level until March 2021, when the country purchased 80.76 MT of gold, bringing it to its current total.

10. Turkey

Gold reserves: 613.7 metric tons

The Central Bank of Turkey holds 613.7 metric tons of gold. Turkey has been a consistent gold buyer over the past several years, with its central bank adding 75 MT to its holdings in 2024. While the pace of the country’s buying slowed in 2025, the country accumulated another 27 metric tons through the end of November, making it the year’s fifth-largest gold buyer.

*11. International Monetary Fund

Gold reserves: 2,814 metric tons

The gold reserve held by the International Monetary Fund is the third largest in terms of size at 2,814 metric tons. The large gold reserve was amassed primarily during the founding of the international organization in 1944.

In that inaugural year, it was decided that “25 percent of initial quota subscriptions and subsequent quota increases were to be paid in gold.”

Since 1944, the International Monetary Fund has added gold through the repayment of debts owed by member countries. Nations can also exchange gold for another member country’s currency.

Investor Insight

Silverco Mining offers imminent producer status and exceptional leverage to silver prices through an aggressive dual-track growth strategy in Mexico. With resources comprised of more than 85 percent silver, the company provides a direct conduit to silver-dominant cash flow, representing a significant valuation re-rating opportunity. The portfolio is anchored by the past-producing Cusi Mining Complex—which was operational as recently as 2023—and the transformational acquisition of the currently producing La Negra mine. This transition from developer to multi-asset producer is underpinned by a robust balance sheet and a management team with a proven institutional pedigree in mine execution and capital markets.

Overview

Silverco Mining (TSXV:SICO) is an operational-stage silver company focused on the Sierra Madre Occidental belt of Mexico. The company’s core technical strategy involves the optimization of the 100-percent-owned Cusi Mining Complex in Chihuahua, an 11,665-hectare district-scale land package. The asset is supported by institutional-grade infrastructure, including direct connection to the national power grid and paved road access, which drastically reduces the capital intensity of the production restart.

The company is executing a definitive shift toward mid-tier producer status through a binding agreement to acquire Nuevo Silver. This transaction provides Silverco with control over the La Negra mine in Querétaro, an asset that is currently producing and provides immediate top-line revenue. By combining the near-term restart of the Cusi 1,200 tpd mill with the existing production at La Negra, Silverco is bypasssing the traditional multi-year development cycle typically associated with junior miners. This ‘buy-and-build’ approach is led by a technical team with specific expertise in Mexican epithermal vein systems and complex underground mine engineering.

Company Highlights

• The $62.5 million upsized bought deal financing (closing Q1 2026) and Eric Sprott’s $10 million lead order provide cornerstone validation from a legendary mining investor and the necessary liquidity to fast-track production restarts.
• The updated Mineral Resource Estimate of 41.2 million ounces of silver equivalent (AgEq) in the Measured and Indicated category establishes a high-confidence geological foundation at Cusi, supporting long-term mine planning.
• The dual-track growth strategy involving the Cusi restart and the Nuevo Silver/La Negra acquisition provides immediate production scale and a diversified cash-flow profile across two distinct Mexican mining jurisdictions.
• Pure-play silver exposure with significant de-risking is achieved via the 1,200 tonne-per-day (tpd) Cusi mill, which was producing as recently as 2023, ensuring that surface infrastructure is ‘warm’ and capable of a rapid return to service.
• Imminent exploration catalysts exist following the completion of a 15,000-metre drill program at Cusi; results are currently pending and are expected to define high-grade extensions at the San Miguel vein.

Key Project: Cusi Mining Complex

The Cusi Mining Complex is a fully permitted, underground silver-lead-zinc-gold operation. Historically, the project has been a silver-pure play, with approximately 85% of revenue derived from silver. Located 135 kilometres west of Chihuahua City, the complex consists of multiple historic mines and a centralized processing facility.

January 2026 Mineral Resource Estimate

Development Status

The current operational focus is the completion of technical and financial milestones required to return the 1,200 tpd mill to full capacity. Silverco recently concluded a 15,000-metre diamond drilling campaign targeting the San Miguel vein and downthrown structural extensions.

Final results from this program are pending and will be integrated into optimized mine restart studies. The company is prioritizing high-grade resource growth and operational optimization to maximize margins in the current silver price environment.

Management & Board

Leadership Team

Mark Ayranto – President, CEO, and Director

Mark Ayranto is a seasoned mining executive with extensive experience in the full life cycle of mine development, from initial advancement through to operational execution.

Sean Fallis – CFO

Sean Fallis is a CPA, CA with a background in senior financial leadership across NYSE, Nasdaq, and TSX-listed firms, specializing in large-scale M&A and corporate finance.

Nico Harvey – Vice-president, Project Development

Nico Harvey is a mining engineer providing technical oversight for both underground and open-pit operations, with a focus on mine planning and project optimization.

Carlos Beltran – Exploration Manager

Carlos Beltran is a specialist in Mexican epithermal systems whose career includes significant involvement in major silver-gold discoveries and resource expansions.

Aaron Ramirez – Administration Manager

Aaron Ramirez manages supply chain and logistics with nearly 20 years of experience supporting international mining operations within Mexico.

Board of Directors

Ricardo Trejo – Project Manager

Ricardo Trejo has over 20 years of experience in management, engineering and operations at multiple mine sites across Mexico. He was most recently the head of mining operations and engineering at Coeur’s Palmarejo

Gary Brown – Director

Gary Brown brings elite institutional credibility as the former CFO of Wheaton Precious Metals for 17 years, where he oversaw the company’s transition into a global precious metals powerhouse.

Gregg Bush – Director

Gregg Bush is a metallurgical engineer with 40 years of experience in international M&A, feasibility studies, and the engineering of large-scale mining infrastructure.

Tim Sorensen – Director

Tim Sorensen is an institutional equity specialist with 25 years in the mining sector; currently the CEO of TSCG Capital, a mining-focused merchant bank.

Investor Insight

Purpose-built for today’s energy transition, xU3O8 sits at the intersection of technology, finance, and nuclear energy, offering a simplified and transparent alternative to legacy uranium investments amid surging global demand. The xU3O8 token, now accessible on leading global exchanges, is a groundbreaking digital asset that provides direct, efficient exposure to the uranium market.

Overview

Uranium.io is a next-generation platform revolutionizing how investors access and trade physical uranium (U3O8). By leveraging blockchain technology, it enables individuals and institutions to directly own and trade uranium, bypassing many of the inefficiencies, opacity and high costs traditionally associated with uranium exposure. Each xU3O8 token represents real, physical uranium stored securely in a regulated depository operated by Cameco, with Archax, a UK-regulated digital asset firm, as the custodian for the physical uranium, ensuring transparency and trust in asset backing.

The platform is built to address rising investor demand for uranium exposure, a commodity that plays a critical role in the global energy transition. As governments commit to deep carbon-reduction targets, nuclear power is increasingly recognized as a reliable, scalable source of low-carbon baseload electricity. Across North America, Europe, and Asia, countries are expanding nuclear capacity through the restart of idled reactors, the construction of new facilities, and the accelerated development of small modular reactors (SMRs) to support long-term net-zero objectives.

Nuclear power is also emerging as a stable and scalable option for supporting artificial intelligence (AI) data centers, which require massive amounts of electricity to operate. Industry leaders, including Microsoft, have announced nuclear energy investments, and several technology firms have secured long-term agreements for nuclear power.

Like gold and silver before it, uranium is entering a phase of financialization — with physical holding trusts, ETFs, and now platforms like uranium.io offering direct physical uranium ownership via xU3O8, making it more accessible to a wider set of investors.

As traditional financial markets converge with digital innovation, tokenized assets are becoming a preferred vehicle for commodities investing. Uranium.io’s use of the Tezos blockchain ensures secure, real-time trading with minimal friction — a distinct advantage in an increasingly digitized investment landscape.

Development of the uranium.io platform is led by the team at London-based Trilitech, a group of entrepreneurs and technologists driving blockchain innovations.

With its emphasis on direct fractional ownership and 24/7 worldwide accessibility, xU3O8 is uniquely positioned to serve as the gateway to physical uranium exposure for a global investor base. Alignment with broader energy and digital asset trends makes it a compelling vehicle for those seeking to capitalize on uranium’s strong fundamentals and the disruptive power of decentralized finance.

In July 2025, the company launched its xU3O8 token on KuCoin, MEXC, and Gate.io — ushering in a new era of uranium investment. This simultaneous, multi-platform listing marks a major milestone in the evolution of real-world asset (RWA) tokenization, delivering institutional-grade exposure to uranium markets to a combined audience of over 115 million global traders.

By debuting across multiple top-tier platforms, xU3O8 ensures broad accessibility and liquidity for investors:

• KuCoin – With over 41 million users in 200+ countries, KuCoin offers a full suite of trading services—spot, margin, options, and futures. As a technology-first exchange focused on accessibility, KuCoin shares xU3O8’s mission to dismantle traditional investment barriers.
• MEXC – Founded in 2018, MEXC serves 36 million users globally and has seen explosive 2024 growth: 143 percent increase in spot trading and 118 percent in futures. Its intuitive platform makes crypto trading “simple, accessible, and rewarding,” mirroring xU3O8’s goal of democratizing uranium investment.
• Gate.io – Ranked among the top 3 global crypto exchanges by real trading volume, Gate.io boasts 32 million users and supports over 3,600 digital assets. With institutional-grade security and a commitment to 100 percent reserve holdings, Gate.io provides the infrastructure essential for tokenized commodity trading.

As of 2026, xU3O8 continues to expand its presence and is now listed on a growing number of exchanges, including MEXC, KuCoin, Gate.io, BingX, LBank, Coins.ph, and Bitrue.

Each xU3O8 token represents fractional ownership of physical uranium ore concentrate (yellowcake) securely stored by Cameco in regulated facilities, eliminating the high barriers to entry that once restricted uranium investment to institutions and major corporations.

Company Highlights

• Pioneering Uranium Ownership: Uranium.io is a platform that enables direct ownership of physical uranium through its blockchain-powered token, xU3O8, allowing investors to buy and sell uranium securely.
• Advanced Blockchain Technology: Built on Etherlink and powered by Tezos, the platform offers transparency, low fees, energy efficiency, and programmable compliance.
• Regulated Custody: FCA-regulated digital asset custodian Archax holds physical uranium in trust on behalf of token holders, ensuring secure and compliant storage.
• Trusted Industry Partner: Curzon Uranium, a leading uranium trading and logistics firm with over $1 billion in trades, brokers the physical uranium supplied to the platform.
• Secure Storage: Purchased uranium is stored at a regulated depository owned and operated by Cameco, one of the world’s top global uranium providers and converters.
• Global Market Access: Investors benefit from 24/7 market access, fractionalized ownership, real-time settlement, and cross-border trading capabilities.
• Supporting the Clean Energy Transition: The platform capitalizes on nuclear energy’s expanding role in the global shift to low-carbon power and the financialization of critical minerals.
• Exchange Listings: The xU3O8 token is now available on major cryptocurrency exchanges including KuCoin, MEXC, and Gate.io, broadening liquidity and accessibility.
• Real-Time Market Transparency: Uranium.io has launched a near-real-time uranium pricing oracle, addressing market opacity and delivering enhanced transparency and efficiency.
• On-Chain Financial Utility: xU3O8 enables tokenized uranium to serve as on-chain collateral, allowing holders to borrow stablecoins without selling their physical uranium exposure.

Technology Platform

Uranium.io is built on a secure, decentralized technology stack that integrates blockchain infrastructure, digital asset custody, and real-world commodity supply — delivering unprecedented access and transparency to the uranium market. The platform bridges traditional commodities trading with Web3 innovation, allowing users to seamlessly acquire, hold and trade physical uranium via xU3O8 tokens.

Uranium.io unveiled the world’s first uranium spot pricing oracle, aimed at addressing the price opacity issues in the uranium market. Unlike oil, gold, base metals, and agricultural commodities, uranium pricing has traditionally relied on fragmented, privately negotiated over-the-counter deals, leaving market participants in the dark and creating inefficiencies and uncertainty that limit broad participation.

Uranium.io’s oracle transforms this landscape with:

• Real-time pricing oracle: Launched to tackle uranium market opacity, providing near-instant spot price updates and boosting transparency and efficiency.
• Tokenized uranium trading: Investors can trade fractional shares of physical uranium, democratizing access to a traditionally restricted market.
• Market interest surging: Uranium-related financial instruments, including ETFs, have outperformed Bitcoin in 2025, reflecting growing investor demand.
• Data-driven insights: Aggregates dozens of sources—spot feeds, nuclear equities, commodity funds—and uses algorithms to mirror uranium’s complex market dynamics.

Blockchain Infrastructure: Etherlink, Powered by Tezos

At the heart of xU3O8’s digital asset engine is the Tezos blockchain, a highly secure, energy-efficient and self-amending Layer 1 protocol. Tezos is uniquely suited to power real-world asset tokenization due to its low transaction costs and energy efficiency; on-chain governance and smart contract flexibility; and enterprise-grade security and decentralization.

Tezos’ track record with real-world assets, including tokenized real estate and art, positions it as an ideal foundation for the secure, scalable digitization of uranium ownership.

Digital Custody: Archax

To ensure that each xU3O8 token is backed with physical uranium, uranium.io is supported by Archax, a London-based, digital asset custodian and exchange regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. Archax provides regulated asset custody, KYC/AML-compliant onboarding, and real-time asset reconciliation.

Archax brings institutional-grade governance and accountability to the storage and oversight of physical uranium, ensuring that investor holdings are not just theoretical but physically secured.

Physical Supply: Curzon Uranium

Access to physical uranium is facilitated by its partnership with Curzon Uranium, a specialized uranium trading and logistics firm. Curzon acts as the platform’s uranium provider, sourcing, purchasing and delivering uranium from trusted upstream suppliers to secure storage.

Curzon’s decades of experience in uranium procurement adds physical credibility and market depth to the xU3O8 ecosystem — making the platform more than just a digital asset project, but a fully integrated uranium trading platform.

Physical uranium storage: Cameco

The physical uranium ore concentrate (U3O8) is securely stored at a regulated storage facility, operated by Cameco, one of the three globally recognized uranium conversion and storage providers. For transparency, Proof of Reserves is always available on the website and is updated with monthly statements from Cameco.

Together, Tezos, Archax and Curzon Uranium form the digital, custodial and physical backbone of the uranium.io platform. This trio of technologies and partnerships ensures a secure, compliant and efficient path for investors to gain physical uranium exposure — fractionalized, tokenized and tradable 24/7 on a global scale.

A New Era for Uranium-Based Lending

xU3O8-based lending unlocks new liquidity and utility for tokenized uranium by enabling holders to use their xU3O8 tokens as collateral to borrow stablecoins such as USDC through a DeFi lending vault on the Oku Trade platform, powered by the Morpho protocol. This integration marks the first time physical uranium — represented on-chain via blockchain — can be leveraged in decentralized finance, allowing investors to access capital without selling their underlying asset while retaining exposure to the strategic commodity.

Investor Insight

Earthwise Minerals is a data-driven Canadian gold explorer advancing the fully permitted Iron Range gold project in southeastern British Columbia. Backed by more than $8 million in historical data and a 51.6 million-share structure, the company offers strong leverage to discovery. A staged earn-in and defined drill targets position Earthwise for efficient, high-impact exploration.

Overview

Earthwise Minerals (CSE:WISE,FSE:966) is a Vancouver-based exploration company focused on advancing the Iron Range Gold Project in southeastern British Columbia. The project lies within the Purcell Supergroup along the Iron Mountain Fault Zone, a major regional structure in the same metallogenic belt as the historic Sullivan deposit, providing a strong geological context for structurally hosted gold-dominant mineralization.

The company’s strategy centers on integrating historic datasets with modern exploration technologies to efficiently generate drill-ready targets. More than $8 million in historical exploration work — including airborne geophysics, soil geochemistry and drilling — gives Earthwise a significant technical head start and reduces early-stage exploration risk.

Earthwise controls its flagship project through an option agreement with Eagle Plains Resources, allowing it to prioritize exploration spending over acquisition costs. This staged structure provides a disciplined pathway toward discovery while preserving capital.

Company Highlights

• Tight Capital Structure:51.6 million shares fully diluted, providing strong leverage to exploration success without excessive dilution
• District-Scale Flagship Asset: The Iron Range Gold Project spans 21,437 hectares along a major regional structure with more than 50 kilometres of strike length
• Extensive Historic Database: Over $8 million in past geophysics, geochemistry and drilling creates a robust dataset for modern targeting
• Low-Cost Earn-In: Option to earn 70 percent interest over four years through staged payments and exploration totaling $4 million, plus a further 10 percent (to 80 percent) for a $1-million payment within 120 days
• Infrastructure Advantage: Property is road accessible, crossed by Highway 3 and serviced by rail, power, natural gas and water
• Advanced Permitting: Multi-year area-based permit allows drilling, trenching, geophysics and road access without annual approvals
• Experienced Leadership: Management and board combine technical discovery experience, capital markets expertise and digital strategy capabilities

Key Project

Iron Range Gold Project

The Iron Range Gold Project is Earthwise’s flagship asset, covering 21,437 hectares just northeast of Creston, British Columbia. The property is underlain by the Iron Mountain Fault Zone and hosts structurally controlled mineralization associated with a key stratigraphic horizon known as the Lower–Middle Aldridge Contact. Infrastructure is exceptional, with Highway 3 crossing the project, rail access via Canadian Pacific, power supplied by BC Hydro and nearby natural gas and water.

Historic exploration has outlined multiple mineralized zones supported by geophysical and geochemical anomalies. A 2004 VTEM survey identified conductive trends coincident with the fault zone, while soil surveys defined multi-element anomalies including arsenic, lead, zinc and gold. Induced polarization surveys completed in 2017 outlined a down-plunge chargeability anomaly at the Talon/Canyon Zone, later confirmed by drilling in 2018.

Mineralization styles are polymetallic but gold dominant, occurring within brittle shear and breccia zones ranging from one metre to several tens of metres wide. Historic drill intercepts include:

• 56.5 m grading 1.9 g/t gold, 0.44 percent lead, 0.59 percent zinc and 19.7 g/t silver
• 14.0 m grading 5.1 g/t gold, 1.86 percent lead, 2.1 percent zinc and 75.3 g/t silver
• 2.0 m grading 12.8 g/t gold, 4.18 percent lead, 5.06 percent zinc and 122.5 g/t silver

Recent fieldwork has also returned surface samples grading up to 13.4 g/t gold, 27.2 g/t silver and 2.7 percent lead, supporting the project’s discovery potential. Mineralization remains open along strike and at depth, with overlapping geophysical and geochemical vectors indicating potential for additional shoots.

Project Highlights

• 21,437 hectare district-scale land package
• More than 50 km of prospective structural strike
• Over $8 million in historical exploration data
• Fully permitted for multi-year drilling and exploration
• Phase 1 drill program (~2,500 m) planned to test down-plunge extensions and parallel structures
• Earn-in to 80 percent ownership with only a 1 percent NSR retained on part of the property

Management Team

Mark Luchinski — Chief Executive Officer and Corporate Director

Mark Luchinski is an entrepreneur and capital markets specialist with two decades of experience managing public companies and advancing exploration assets. He has guided multiple firms through financings, acquisitions, exploration programs and listings. He also serves as a director of Aeonian Resources.

Mateo Arcila — Director

Mateo Arcila is an engineer with over 10 years of experience in business development and digital strategy. He oversees corporate outreach, digital initiatives and investor engagement for Earthwise. His background includes marketing analytics, data strategy and international business.

Karen Mate – Director

Karen Mate is a senior capital markets professional with more than 30 years of experience in the Canadian investment industry, specializing in institutional equity sales and capital markets advisory. She has held senior roles at leading investment banks, including Director of Global Institutional Equity Sales at Scotia Capital, as well as leadership positions at Casimir Capital, Dundee Capital Markets, Marleau Lemire Securities and National Bank Financial. Known as a trusted advisor to institutional investors and corporate management teams, she has guided clients across multiple market cycles with strategic market insight and execution expertise.

Ikavinder Deol — Chief Financial Officer

Ikavinder Deol is a CPA with more than six years of experience in financial reporting and compliance for junior mining companies. She specializes in IFRS reporting and regulatory filings. She is also affiliated with Cross Davis & Company, which focuses on public resource issuers.

Andy Randell – Geological Advisor

Andy Randell, P.Geo, is a professionally registered geoscientist with more than 20 years of experience spanning mineral exploration, technical leadership, consulting and industry governance. He has held senior geological roles on gold-focused projects in Canada and internationally, including project geologist and chief geologist positions, and brings expertise from grassroots through advanced-stage exploration. His work emphasizes structural geology, disciplined target generation and responsible exploration practices.