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United States Antimony (NYSE:UAMY) said on Sunday (October 19) that it is proposing to acquire Australian company Larvotto Resources (ASX:LRV).

In a takeover offer, USAC said that it would pay AU$1.40 per Larvotto share, a 12.9 percent premium to the stock’s last close.

Larvotto shareholders are set to receive six USAC shares for every 100 Larvotto shares held, bringing Larvotto’s value to AU$722.9 million.

Prior to this, USAC already secured approximately 10 percent of Larvotto’s total issued share capital, believing it is currently the company’s largest single shareholder. The acquisition forms part of USAC’s goal to become a major antimony producer.

Larvotto owns the dual-commodity Hillgrove antimony-gold project in New South Wales, which is expected to become Australia’s largest antimony producer.

Hillgrove is projected to produce about 7 percent of global antimony supply. It currently holds a mineral resource of 1.7 million ounces gold equivalent at 7.4 grams per tonne gold equivalent.

The project is scheduled to commence production in 2026.

‘Our proposal to combine with Larvotto reflects our deep commitment to build a world-class industry player in the critical minerals space and our strong conviction in the strategic and cultural fit between the two organizations as well as our countries,” commented USAC Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Gary C. Evans.

In a separate announcement, Larvotto confirmed receipt of the offer, saying that it is subject to certain conditions and will be “carefully considered” by the board.

Shares of Larvotto saw a spike following this announcement, closing at AU$1.295 on Monday (October 20). This represents a 4.44 percent increase from its Friday close of AU$1.240.

Securities Disclosure: I, Gabrielle de la Cruz, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.

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Cartier Resources Inc. (″ Cartier ″ or the ″ Company ″) (TSXV: ECR,OTC:ECRFF; FSE: 6CA) is pleased to announce the third batch of results from the fully funded 100,000-m drilling program (2 drill rigs) for the Contact Sector and more precisely, the North Contact Zone (NCZ), on its 100%-owned Cadillac Project, located in Val-d’Or (Abitibi, Quebec). The NCZ consists of three parallel high-grade gold zones: NCZ (1), NCZ (2) and NCZ (3).

Strategic Highlights from Contact Sector

Drill Results of NCZ (Figures 1 & 2)

  • NCZ (3) intersected in hole CA25-530 graded 30.2 g/t Au over 2.5 m included in 11.0 g/t Au over 9.0 m with presence of visible gold grains , at a depth of 270 m, hole CA25-527 reported 27.1 g/t Au over 1.0 m included in 2.2 g/t Au over 18.0 m at a depth of 325 m and hole CA25-529 cut 6.1 g/t Au over 1.0 m included in 4.3 g/t Au over 4.0 m at a depth of 215 m.
  • NCZ (1) intersected in hole CA25-526 graded 11.7 g/t Au over 0.5 m , at a depth of 230 m and hole CA25-530 reported 10.4 g/t Au over 0.5 m with presence of visible gold grains, at a depth of 200 m.
  • NCZ (1) and NCZ (3) are spaced approximately 50 m apart.

Significance for Investors

  • Holes CA25-526, CA25-527, CA25-529 and CA25-530 continue to clearly demonstrate the presence of a shallow and extensive mineralized system, hosting multiple high-grade gold zones with significant grades and widths . The mineralization has now been extended over 400 m in strike length by 300 m in depth , remains open in all directions , suggesting significant expansion potential .
  • These latest assay results follow up on previously reported intercepts, including 16.7 g/t Au over 2.1 m within a broader interval of 5.9 g/t Au over 7.7 m (hole CA25-524) and 4.3 g/t Au over 2.0 m (hole CA25-525), as disclosed in Cartier’s September 23, 2025 news release titled ″ Cartier Cuts 16.7 g/t Au over 2.1 m at Contact (Cadillac); Strengthens Shallow High-Grade Gold Potential; Supports Expansion Drilling. ″
  • The combination of exposed bedrock , minimal overburden (less than 5 m) and proximity to year-round road access (within 250 m) positions NCZ as a highly strategic asset for potential shallow operation scenarios . These logistical advantages should significantly enhance the development flexibility and economics of the Cadillac Project.

Next Steps

  • Additional drilling is required on NCZ to confirm geological continuity , expand gold mineralization (150-300 m), extend footprint closer to surface (0-150 m) and advance toward a future gold inventory .
  • Further exploration drilling is already planned to test several new high-priority regional targets at Contact Sector, backed by detailed structural and geological modelling and VRIFY’s artificial intelligence (AI) driven targeting , reinforcing the potential for additional gold discoveries .

This second set of high-grade gold results in the Contact Sector is extremely encouraging for the long-term potential of the Cadillac Project. The decision to allocate part of the 100,000-m drill program to this sector is clearly delivering strong results for our shareholders. These outcomes reflect our focused strategy of advancing known mineralized zones while also targeting high-priority regional exploration opportunities .’ – Philippe Cloutier, President and CEO of Cartier.

The updated geological model, from continuous analysis and interpretation of results, is yielding positive results and highlighting the significant potential of the Contact Sector. Improved understanding of the structural features is allowing us to more efficiently and accurately target mineralized zones. The gold potential of the Héva Fault Zone, hosting NCZ, remains largely underexplored and we believe there is significant upside yet to be unlocked. ‘ – Ronan Deroff, Vice President Exploration of Cartier.

Figure 1 : Plan view, cross and long sections of the Contact Sector

Figure 1: Plan view, cross and long sections of the Contact Sector

Figure 2 : Photos of the drill core from hole CA25-530

Figure 2: Photos of the drill core from hole CA25-530

Table 1 : Drill hole best assay results from Contact Sector

Hole Number From (m) To (m) Core Length** (m) Au (g/t) Uncut Vertical Depth (m) Zone
CA25-526 239.0 239.5 0.5 11.7 ≈230 North Contact (1)
And 277.1 282.1 5.0 1.1 ≈270 North Contact (2)
CA25-527 252.0 262.0 10.0 1.0 ≈250 North Contact (2)
And 322.0 340.0 18.0 2.2 ≈325 North Contact (3)
Including 339.0 340.0 1.0 27.0
CA25-528 194.0 205.0 11.0 1.0* ≈160 North Contact (3)
CA25-529 151.0 152.0 1.0 6.2 ≈135 North Contact (1)
And 237.0 241.0 4.0 4.3 ≈215 North Contact (3)
Including 240.0 241.0 1.0 6.1
CA25-530 209.0 209.5 0.5 10.4* ≈200 North Contact (1)
And 280.0 289.0 9.0 11.0* ≈270 North Contact (3)
Including 282.0 284.5 2.5 30.2*

* Occurrences of visible gold (VG) have been noted in the drill core at various intervals. ** Based on the observed intercept angles within the drill core, true thicknesses are estimated to represent approximately 50–85 % of the reported core length intervals.

Contact Sector

The Contact Sector is a highly prospective area featuring the North Contact Zone (‘NCZ’) and several newly defined high-priority drill targets.

The NCZ lies along an east-west trending, strongly sheared corridor (Héva Fault Zone), situated approximately 900 m north of the Cadillac Fault Zone, and occurs at the contact between the hanging wall mafic to intermediate volcanics (basalt to andesite) of Louvicourt Group and the footwall turbiditic sedimentary rocks (wacke-mudrock) of Cadillac Group. This lithological contact is a favorable horizon for hydrothermal fluid flow, likely related to synvolcanic gold deposition.

The NCZ, defined by at least three parallel gold-rich zones, are typically and primarily associated with a fine-grained and disseminated arsenopyrite-pyrrhotite mineralization, with a pervasive biotite-chlorite-carbonate alteration, all crosscut by late-stage smoky quartz vein and veinlet stockworks containing visible gold. Locally, accessory minerals such as sphalerite, galena and tourmaline are observed.

Milestones of 2025-2027 Exploration Program

100,000 m Drilling Program (Q3 2025 to Q2 2027)

The ambitious 600-hole drilling program will both expand known gold zones (Brownfield Growth) and test new shallow surface high-potential targets (Greenfield Discovery). The objective is to unlock the camp-scale, high-grade gold potential along the 15 km Cadillac Fault Zone. It is important to note that Cartier’s recent consolidation of this large land holding offers the unique opportunity in over 90 years for unrestricted exploration.

Environmental Baseline Studies & Economic Evaluation of Chimo mine tailings (Q3 2025 to Q3 2026)

The baseline studies will be divided into two distinct parts which include 1) environmental baseline desktop study and 2) preliminary environmental geochemical characterization. The initial baseline studies will provide a comprehensive understanding of the current environmental conditions and implement operations that minimize environmental impact while optimizing the economic potential of the project. These studies will be supplemented by an initial assessment of the economic potential of the past-producing Chimo mine tailings to determine whether a quantity of gold can be extracted economically.

Metallurgical Sampling and Testwork Program (Q4 2025 to Q1 2026)

The metallurgical testwork program includes defining of expected gold recovery rates and improving historical results from the Chimo deposit, as well as establishing metallurgical recovery data for the first-time for the East Chimo and West Nordeau satellite deposits, where no previous data exists. This comprehensive program will characterize the mineralized material, gold recovery potential and validate optimal grind size defining the most efficient and cost-effective flowsheet. The data generated will directly support optimized project development and have the potential to significantly reduce both capital and operating costs, while also improving the environmental footprint.

Table 2 : Drill hole collar coordinates from Contact Sector

Hole Number UTM Easting (m) UTM Northing (m) Elevation (m) Azimuth (°) Dip (°) Hole Length (m)
CA25-526 335670 5320160 364 228 -76 392
CA25-527 335670 5320160 364 198 -81 384
CA25-528 335729 5320155 363 186 -55 240
CA25-529 335729 5320155 363 197 -66 270
CA25-530 335729 5320155 363 198 -74 316

Table 3 : Drill hole detailed assay results from Contact Sector

Hole Number From (m) To (m) Core Length* (m) Au (g/t) Uncut Vertical Depth (m) Zone
CA25-526 220.0 221.0 1.0 1.3 ≈210 North Contact (1)
And 233.0 234.0 1.0 1.3 ≈230
And 234.5 235.0 0.5 1.2
And 239.0 239.5 0.5 11.7
And 277.1 282.1 5.0 1.1 ≈270 North Contact (2)
Including 277.1 278.1 1.0 1.4
Including 279.1 280.1 1.0 1.6
Including 280.1 281.1 1.0 1.2
Including 281.1 282.1 1.0 1.0
And 330.0 331.0 1.0 4.0 ≈320 North Contact (3)
And 331.0 332.0 1.0 1.6
CA25-527 252.0 262.0 10.0 1.0 ≈250 North Contact (2)
Including 252.0 253.0 1.0 2.1
Including 253.0 254.0 1.0 1.0
Including 255.0 256.0 1.0 1.1
Including 261.0 262.0 1.0 2.1
And 272.0 273.0 1.0 3.7 ≈265
And 282.0 283.0 1.0 1.3 ≈275
And 322.0 340.0 18.0 2.2 ≈325 North Contact (3)
Including 322.0 323.0 1.0 2.9
Including 324.0 325.0 1.0 2.4
Including 325.0 326.0 1.0 5.8
Including 339.0 340.0 1.0 27.0
CA25-528 194.0 205.0 11.0 1.0* ≈160 North Contact (3)
Including 195.0 196.0 1.0 2.4
Including 197.0 198.0 1.0 2.7
Including 201.5 202.5 1.0 1.7*
Including 204.0 205.0 1.0 1.8
CA25-529 151.0 152.0 1.0 6.2 ≈135 North Contact (1)
And 237.0 241.0 4.0 4.3 ≈215 North Contact (3)
Including 237.0 238.0 1.0 3.8
Including 238.0 239.0 1.0 4.2
Including 239.0 240.0 1.0 3.1
Including 240.0 241.0 1.0 6.1
And 242.0 243.0 1.0 1.2
And 253.0 254.0 1.0 2.0 ≈225
CA25-530 209.0 209.5 0.5 10.4* ≈200 North Contact (1)
And 223.5 224.5 1.0 1.3 ≈210 North Contact (2)
And 280.0 289.0 9.0 11.0* ≈270 North Contact (3)
Including 2800 281.0 1.0 1.9
Including 281.0 282.0 1.0 2.6
Including 282.0 283.0 1.0 9.4
Including 283.0 284.0 1.0 62.9
Including 284.0 284.5 1.0 6.6*
Including 284.5 285.0 1.0 2.0
Including 285.0 286.0 1.0 2.6
Including 286.0 287.0 1.0 1.4
Including 288.0 289.0 1.0 13.4
And 295.0 296.0 1.0 1.9

* Occurrences of visible gold (VG) have been noted in the drill core at various intervals. ** Based on the observed intercept angles within the drill core, true thicknesses are estimated to represent approximately 50–85 % of the reported core length intervals.

Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) Program

The drill core from the Cadillac Project is NQ-size and, upon receipt from the drill rig, is described and sampled by Cartier geologists. Core is sawn in half, with one half labelled, bagged and submitted for analysis and the other half retained and stored at Cartier’s coreshack facilities located in Val-d’Or, Quebec, for future reference and verification. As part of Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) program, Cartier inserts blank samples and certified reference materials (standards) at regular intervals into the sample stream prior to shipment to monitor laboratory performance and analytical accuracy.

Drill core samples are sent to MSALABS’s analytical laboratory located in Val-d’Or, Quebec, for preparation and gold analysis. The entire sample is dried and crushed (70% passing a 2-millimeter sieve). The analysis for gold is performed on an approximately 500 g aliquot using Chrysos Photon Assay™ technology, which uses high-energy X-ray excitation with gamma detection to quickly and non-destructively measure gold content.

Alternatively, samples are submitted to Activation Laboratories Ltd. (‘Actlabs’), located in either Val-d’Or or Ste-Germaine-Boulé, both in Quebec, for preparation and gold analysis. The entire sample is dried, crushed (90% passing a 2-millimetre sieve) and 250 g is pulverized (90% passing a 0.07-millimetre sieve). The analysis for gold is conducted using a 50 g fire assay fusion with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) finish, with a detection limit up to 10,000 ppb. Samples exceeding this threshold are reanalyzed by fire assay with a gravimetric finish to determine high-grade values accurately.

Both MSALABS and Actlabs are ISO/IEC 17025 accredited for gold assays and implement industry-standard QA/QC protocols. Their internal quality control programs include the use of blanks, duplicates, and certified reference materials at set intervals, with established acceptance criteria to ensure data integrity and analytical precision.

Qualified Person

The scientific and technical content of this press release has been prepared, reviewed and approved by Mr. Ronan Déroff, P.Geo., M.Sc., Vice President Exploration, who is a ″Qualified Person″ as defined by National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (″NI 43-101″).

About Cadillac Project

The Cadillac Project, covering 14,000 hectares along a 15-kilometre stretch of the Cadillac Fault, is one of the largest consolidated land packages in the Val-d’Or mining camp. Cartier’s flagship asset integrates the historic Chimo Mine and East Cadillac projects, creating a dominant position in a world class gold mining district. With excellent road access, year-round infrastructure and nearby milling capacity, the project is ideally positioned for rapid advancement and value creation.

Using a gold price of US$1,750/oz, a Preliminary Economic Assessment demonstrated the economic viability of a 2-km segment, compared to the 15 km that will be the subject of the 100,000 m drilling program, with an average annual gold production of 116,900 oz over a 9.7-year mine life. Indicated resources are estimated at 720,000 ounces (7.1 million tonnes at 3.1 g/t Au) and inferred resources at 1,633,000 ounces (18.5 million tonnes at 2.8 g/t Au). Please see the NI 43-101 ″Technical Report and Preliminary Economic Assessment for Chimo Mine and West Nordeau Gold Deposits, Chimo Mine and East Cadillac Properties, Quebec, Canada, Marc R. Beauvais, P.Eng., of InnovExplo Inc., Mr. Florent Baril of Bumigeme and Mr. Eric Sellars, P.Eng. of Responsible Mining Solutions″ effective May 29, 2023.

About Cartier Resources Inc.

Cartier Resources Inc., founded in 2006 and headquartered in Val-d’Or (Quebec) is a gold exploration company focused on building shareholder value through discovery and development in one of Canada’s most prolific mining camps. The Company combines strong technical expertise, a track record of successful exploration, and a fully funded program to advance its flagship Cadillac Project. Cartier’s strategy is clear: unlock the full potential of one of the largest undeveloped gold landholdings in Quebec.

For further information, contact:
Philippe Cloutier, P. Geo.
President and CEO
Telephone: 819-856-0512
philippe.cloutier@ressourcescartier.com
www.ressourcescartier.com

Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.

Photos accompanying this announcement are available at

https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/4c94767e-126a-4d86-8ce2-0a4661805df7

https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/da3b89aa-ecc3-46c7-97e0-67013c6dea9c

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  • MAVERIC Phase III pivotal trial of orphan drug candidate CardiolRx™ in recurrent pericarditis is fully funded through to a planned New Drug Application submission with the FDA.

  • New data from the ARCHER trial, highlighting the magnitude of reduction in left ventricular (LV) mass and the read through to heart failure, to be presented at a cardiology conference in November 2025.

  • Next-generation therapy CRD-38 for heart failure funded through to clinical development, with partnership discussions advancing with leading pharmaceutical companies.

Cardiol Therapeutics Inc. (NASDAQ: CRDL) (TSX: CRDL) (‘Cardiol’ or the ‘Company’), a clinical-stage life sciences company advancing late-stage, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic therapies for heart disease, today announced the successful completion of the previously announced private placement offering (the ‘Offering’) of units (‘Units’) for total proceeds of US$11.4 million, reflecting closing on all funds previously committed under the Offering.

‘As recruitment in our pivotal Phase III MAVERIC trial gains momentum, with several prominent centers across the U.S. now enrolling patients, we are pleased to have secured a direct investment of US$11.4 million to strengthen our balance sheet and accelerate the development of our novel heart failure drug, CRD-38, based on the recently reported findings from our ARCHER trial,’ said David Elsley, President and CEO of Cardiol Therapeutics. ‘Topline results from our ARCHER trial demonstrated a significant reduction in LV mass-marking the first evidence of structural and remodeling improvement in patients with myocarditis. This landmark finding represents our second clinical validation in inflammatory heart disease and establishes a key translational link to data published earlier this year in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, which demonstrated the beneficial effects of the active pharmaceutical ingredient or API in CardiolRx on cardiac structure, inflammation, and fibrosis in a model of heart failure. The ARCHER findings support pursuing an additional Orphan Drug Designation for CardiolRx in myocarditis and advancing the development of our next-generation CRD-38 formulation, which delivers the same API via subcutaneous administration, to target the broader heart failure market. Notably, blockbuster drugs that reduce LV mass have been shown to lower heart failure-related death and hospitalization, underscoring the clinical potential of Cardiol’s differentiated anti-inflammatory mechanism to address a large unmet need in heart failure, where five-year mortality rates still exceed 50%.’

Under the Offering, the Company sold a total of 11.4 million Units at a price of US$1.00 per Unit. Each Unit consists of one Class A common share of the Company (a ‘Common Share‘) and one-half of one Common Share purchase warrant. Each whole warrant entitles the holder to acquire one additional Common Share at an exercise price of US$1.35 for a period of 24 months from the date of issuance. The warrants include an acceleration provision, allowing the Company to advance their expiry to the 30th day following the issuance of a news release if the daily volume-weighted average trading price of the Common Shares exceeds US$2.00 for five consecutive trading days. Proceeds from the Offering provide cash resources that are anticipated to support operations into the third quarter of 2027.

The securities have not been registered under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the ‘U.S. Securities Act‘), or any U.S. state securities laws, and may not be offered or sold to, or for the account or benefit of, persons in the ‘United States’ or ‘U.S. persons’ (as such terms are used in Regulation S under the U.S. Securities Act), absent registration under the U.S. Securities Act and all applicable U.S. state securities laws or in compliance with an exemption therefrom. This news release does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy nor shall there be any sale of any of the securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful.

Certain insiders of the Company participated in the Offering. Such participation is considered to be a ‘related-party transaction’ within the meaning of Multilateral Instrument 61-101 – Protection of Minority Security Holders in Special Transactions (‘MI 61-101‘). The Company is relying on the exemptions from the formal valuation and minority shareholder approval requirements of MI 61-101 contained in sections 5.5(a) and 5.7(1)(a) of MI 61-101 in respect of related-party participation in the Offering as the fair market value (as determined under MI 61-101) of the subject matter of, and the fair market value of the consideration for, the transaction, insofar as it involved interested parties, did not exceed 25% of the Company’s market capitalization (as determined under MI 61-101).

About Cardiol Therapeutics

Cardiol Therapeutics Inc. (NASDAQ: CRDL) (TSX: CRDL) is a clinical-stage life sciences company advancing late-stage, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic therapies for heart disease. The Company’s lead small molecule drug candidate, CardiolRx™, modulates inflammasome pathway activation, an intracellular process known to play an important role in the development and progression of inflammation and fibrosis associated with pericarditis, myocarditis, and heart failure.

The MAVERIC Program in recurrent pericarditis, an inflammatory disease of the pericardium which is associated with symptoms including debilitating chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue, and results in physical limitations, reduced quality of life, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations, comprises the completed Phase II MAvERIC-Pilot study (NCT05494788) and the ongoing pivotal Phase III MAVERIC trial (NCT06708299). The U.S. FDA has granted Orphan Drug Designation to CardiolRx™ for the treatment of pericarditis, which includes recurrent pericarditis.

The ARCHER Program (NCT05180240) comprises the completed Phase II study in acute myocarditis, an important cause of acute and fulminant heart failure in young adults and a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in people less than 35 years of age.

Cardiol is also developing CRD-38, a novel subcutaneously administered drug formulation intended for use in heart failure-a leading cause of death and hospitalization in the developed world, with associated healthcare costs in the United States exceeding US$30 billion annually.

For more information about Cardiol Therapeutics, please visit cardiolrx.com.

Cautionary statement regarding forward-looking information:

This news release contains ‘forward-looking information’ within the meaning of applicable securities laws. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, that address activities, events, or developments that Cardiol believes, expects, or anticipates will, may, could, or might occur in the future are ‘forward-looking information’. Forward looking information contained herein may include, but is not limited to statements regarding the Company’s focus on developing anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic therapies for the treatment of heart disease, the Company’s intended clinical studies and trial activities and timelines associated with such activities, including the Company’s plan to complete the Phase III study in recurrent pericarditis with CardiolRx™, the Company’s plan to advance the development of CRD-38, a novel subcutaneous formulation intended for use in heart failure, the Company’s presentation and publication of the comprehensive ARCHER trial data, the Company’s belief that results from the ARCHER trial provide compelling clinical proof of concept for CardiolRx™ and strongly support advancing the clinical development of CardiolRx™ and CRD-38 for the treatment of inflammatory cardiac disorders including cardiomyopathies, heart failure, and myocarditis, and statements regarding the expected length and scope of funding for the Company’s development plans as a result of the Offering. Forward-looking information contained herein reflects the current expectations or beliefs of Cardiol based on information currently available to it and is based on certain assumptions and is also subject to a variety of known and unknown risks and uncertainties and other factors that could cause the actual events or results to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward looking information, and are not (and should not be considered to be) guarantees of future performance. These risks and uncertainties and other factors include the risks and uncertainties referred to in the Company’s Annual Information Form filed with the Canadian securities administrators and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2025, available on SEDAR+ at sedarplus.ca and EDGAR at sec.gov, as well as the risks and uncertainties associated with product commercialization and clinical studies. These assumptions, risks, uncertainties, and other factors should be considered carefully, and investors should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking information, and such information may not be appropriate for other purposes. Any forward-looking information speaks only as of the date of this press release and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, Cardiol disclaims any intent or obligation to update or revise such forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events, or results, or otherwise. Investors are cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements.

For further information, please contact:
Trevor Burns, Investor Relations +1-289-910-0855
trevor.burns@cardiolrx.com

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Investorideas.com (www.investorideas.com), a go-to platform for big investing ideas for traders, including mining and defense stocks, reports on how critical mineral antimony is gaining government and investor attention as its role in defense heats up, featuring Locksley Resources Ltd. (ASX: LKY,OTC:LKYRF) (OTCQX: LKYRF) (FSE: X5L), a company that specializes in critical minerals development within the United States.

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Critical Mineral Antimony Stocks – Reshaping the Future of Defense

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While antimony has a wide array of uses, its contributions to national security, energy and manufacturing are currently grabbing the spotlight. The United States, Canada and the European Union have each classified it as a critical mineral, citing its essential applications in defense technologies (such as armor-piercing ammunition and explosives), energy storage systems, and electronics.

With recent news headlines that ‘United States Antimony Corporation (NYSE American: UAMY) (NYSE Texas: UAMY) Awarded $245 Million Sole-Source Five-Year Contract by the U.S. Defense Logistics Agency for the Purchase of Antimony Ingots to Replenish the U.S. National Defense Stockpile’, antimony is on a watch list globally. The stock has had a 100% gain in the past month.

Making its own headlines, Locksley Resources Ltd (ASX: LKY,OTC:LKYRF) (OTCQX: LKYRF) (FSE: X5L) just announced a significant Company milestone with the production of a 100% American made antimony ingot, marking the return of the first US domestic antimony metal production in decades.

From the news:
The milestone represents proof-of-concept for a fully American mine to-metal supply chain, from ore sourced at the Company’s Mojave Desert Antimony Mine in California, through to refining entirely within the US by Hazen Research Inc., one of the nation’s most respected metallurgical and process development laboratories.

This breakthrough directly supports US government and Presidential Executive Orders aimed at re-establishing domestic production of critical minerals vital to defense, clean energy, and strategic manufacturing supply chains. Locksley is working closely with its strategic partners, and Washington D.C based advisors, GreenMet, to advance permitting and funding initiatives to support the next stage of the Company’s commercialisation strategy.

HIGHLIGHTS

  • Locksley produces 100% American made antimony ingot from Mojave
  • Achievement validates the only known US mine-to-metal supply chain for antimony, fully independent of Chinese processing
  • Ore sourced from the Company’s Mojave Desert Antimony Mine in California and refined by Hazen Research Inc. in Colorado
  • Milestone supports US Government initiatives to secure critical minerals essential for defense, energy, and advanced manufacturing
  • Locksley is working closely with its strategic partners and Washington D.C advisors, GreenMet, to advance permitting and funding initiatives

Kerrie Matthews, Locksley CEO, commented:
‘This is a defining milestone for Locksley and the United States. The successful casting of the first 100% American made antimony ingot in decades, demonstrates mine-to-metal production is not only possible but is already underway.

‘We’ve proven the concept, and now our focus turns to scaling this achievement into a sustainable, commercial supply chain that supports America’s industrial and defense sectors. This is just the beginning, the foundation has been set, and we look forward to updating the market on the next steps for Locksley and its strategy to support America’s critical minerals independence.’

Drew Horn, CEO of GreenMet, commented:
‘Locksley’s achievement is not only a technical success, but also a national milestone. The ability to produce an American sourced and American refined antimony ingot is precisely the kind of outcome that US policymakers and industry leaders have been seeking to re-establish domestic supply chains for critical minerals.

‘GreenMet is proud to support Locksley in advancing this effort and to work alongside the Company as it progresses permitting and funding initiatives that strengthen America’s strategic materials independence.’

Validation of a 100% American Mine-to-Market Supply Chain
This achievement demonstrates Locksley’s commitment to delivering an antimony product sourced and refined entirely within the United States.

The breakthrough directly supports US government objectives to restore domestic critical mineral production. Locksley will work closely with strategic partners, including Washington, DC based advisors and GreenMet, to advance permitting and funding, supporting the next stage of the Company’s commercialisation strategy and America’s self-sufficiency in critical minerals.

Advancing Toward Pilot Scale Production
Following the successful validation of the first 100% American-made antimony ingot, Locksley Resources is now advancing towards pilot-scale production, a key step in confirming metallurgical recoveries, process efficiency, and scalability for future commercial supply.

The Company will work closely with industry partners and downstream consumers to ensure product specifications for both antimony trisulfide and antimony trioxide meet stringent US defense and industrial standards. This phase will also support offtake readiness and qualification as the leading US developer of domestically produced antimony metal.

This milestone firmly established Locksley as a pioneer in rebuilding America’s antimony supply chain, aligning with ongoing US Government and Presidential Executive Orders that prioritise domestic sourcing and processing of critical minerals essential for defense, energy storage, and advanced manufacturing.

With one of the few known high-grade, primary antimony deposits in the continental United States, the Mojave Project offers a path to scaled production and a strategic alternative to Chinese controlled supply chains, reinforcing Locksley’s role at the forefront of America’s critical minerals independence.

Strategic Context: US and Australian Government Engagement
Locksley’s milestone coincides with a significant step-up in bilateral critical minerals dialogue between the United States and Australia, underscored by Prime Minister Albanese’s upcoming meeting with President Trump in Washington, DC. Recent government briefings and funding initiatives from both nations have underscored antimony’s strategic importance and the shared objective of establishing secure, allied production capabilities.

As the first company to deliver a 100% American-made antimony ingot in decades, Locksley’s achievement positions it at the forefront of this renewed trans-Pacific strategic effort to re-establish secure, allied supply chains for critical minerals, vital to defense, energy, and advanced manufacturing.

Next Steps
With proof-of-concept successfully achieved, Locksley is now transitioning from validation to pilot-scale and pre-commercial operations in the United States. The next phase of work will focus on scaling, refining, and positioning the Company for government and industry engagement:

  • Scale-up to U.S based pilot plant operations: Establishing a domestic pilot facility to validate process efficiency, recoveries, and repeatability under commercial conditions.
  • Detailed metallurgical interpretation and process flow-sheet optimisation: Utilise test data from Hazen Research to refine processing parameters and finalise design inputs for larger scale operations.
  • Engagement with U.S. government and industrial partners: Advance discussions for offtake qualification, funding support, and strategic collaboration under existing national interest programs and defense supply chain programs.
  • Commercial pathway planning: Progress engineering, permitting, and funding initiatives in collaboration with Washington D.C-based advisors GreenMet, as Locksley advances towards establishing a fully integrated, American controlled antimony production and processing capability.

Following the news, the Sydney Morning Herald reported, ‘Locksley Resources has just etched its name into United States industrial history by pouring the first fully American-made antimony ingot in almost 10 years, placing the ASX-listed junior squarely in Washington’s headlights as the country pushes for critical mineral self-sufficiency.’

Looking at recent news from United States Antimony Corporation (NYSE American: UAMY) (NYSE Texas: UAMY), the Company just announced they submitted a confidential, non-binding, indicative proposal to acquire 100% of the share capital of Larvotto Resources Limited by way of a scheme of arrangement under the Australian Corporations Act 2001.

From the news:
Under the Proposal, Larvotto shareholders would receive Six (6) USAC shares for every One Hundred (100) Larvotto shares which represents a significant premium to (i) Larvotto’s last equity capital raise announced on 25 July 2025 (ii) recent stock trading price ranges. The terms of the proposed transaction are subject to the negotiation and execution of a binding scheme implementation deed, Larvotto shareholder approval, regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions.

USAC has recently acquired approximately 10.0% of Larvotto’s total issued share capital with cash in the open market which USAC believes makes USAC Larvotto’s largest single shareholder.

Another Australian dual listed antimony stock, Nova Minerals Limited (NASDAQ: NVA) (ASX: NVA) (FSE: QM3), turned heads in the sector when it announced recently that its 100% owned US subsidiary Alaska Range Resources, LLC (ARR), had been awarded US$43.4 million in Defense Production Act Title III funding by the US Department of War (DoW) to produce antimony trisulfide at its Estelle Gold and Critical Minerals Project (Estelle Project) in Alaska.

From the news:
The award will enable ARR to accelerate development of a fully integrated US antimony supply chain to extract, concentrate, and refine stibnite to produce military grade antimony trisulfide to assist in meeting the US defense industrial base demands.

Nova CEO, Mr. Christopher Gerteisen, commented: ‘We are proud to have ARR partner with the U.S. Department of War to help secure a fully domestic, redundant supply chain for the munitions and other defense products our troops need to keep our nation and allies safe, as well as future supply to the US industrial base for a wide range of traditional and high-tech applications, including semiconductors and energy systems.

‘This award will fund the initial phase of the Company’s strategy to establish a full spectrum state of the art antimony mining and refining hub based in Alaska to supply refined antimony products to the US industrial base and beyond. After conducting rigorous vetting and technical due diligence of the Estelle Project, ARR is proud to be the recipient of this award, which provides further confidence in the quality of antimony mineralization and highlights the potential scale and scope of future antimony production from the Estelle Project.’

Following Nova’s news, Locksley Resources (ASX: LKY,OTC:LKYRF) (OTCQX: LKYRF) announced that the company’s advancing metallurgical test work program being conducted on surface samples collected from the Desert Antimony Mine (DAM) Prospect at the company’s project in the Mojave Desert is producing concentrate grades believed to be significantly higher than comparable American projects (as reported in publicly available information from Perpetua (NASDAQ: PPTA) (TSX: PPTA), Nova Minerals (NASDAQ: NVA), US Antimony Corp (NYSE American: UAMY), Costerfield and Hillgrove.

From the news:
According to early results, excellent high grade final flotation concentrate of 68.1% antimony has been achieved from first pass rougher/regrind/cleaner flotation tests. The concentrate is 95% of technical maximum stibnite grade of 71.68% showing minimal impurities, significantly exceeding marketable sales requirements of a minimum of 55%.

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Former President Joe Biden completed a round of radiation treatment for his aggressive form of prostate cancer on Monday.

Biden had been undergoing treatment at Penn Medicine Radiation Oncology in Philadelphia for several weeks. The former president’s daughter, Ashley Biden, hailed the milestone in a post on social media.

‘Rung the bell! Thank you to the incredible doctors, nurses, and staff at Penn Medicine. We are so grateful!’ she wrote on Instagram.

‘He rang the bell today,’ Biden spokeswoman Kelly Scully confirmed, according to CBS News.

‘Dad has been so damn brave throughout his treatment. Grateful,’ Ashley wrote in a follow-up post.

It is common practice for cancer treatment centers to have patients ring a bell when they complete a round of radiation treatment. It serves as both a mark of progress for the patient and a form of encouragement for other patients undergoing treatment in the facility.

It is unclear whether Biden will need to undergo further rounds of radiation therapy.

Biden announced his diagnosis with prostate cancer in May, saying it had already metastasized and spread to his bones. The announcement redoubled concerns that the White House was not being forthright about Biden’s health during his time in office.

Biden also underwent surgery Sept. 4 to remove cancerous skin cells through a procedure known as Mohs surgery.

During his presidency, Biden had a cancerous skin lesion removed from his chest, the White House previously said. Former White House physician Kevin O’Connor noted in February 2023 that a biopsy of skin tissue taken during a health assessment revealed cancerous cells, all of which were successfully removed.

Fox News’ Bonny Chu contributed to this report.


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A House Republican exploring higher office is predicting the ongoing government shutdown will make the 2026 midterm field a more difficult one for Democrats.

‘Once all the dust settles, I think people will think, ‘Why did the Democrats shut it down? What was their reason? What did they get out of it?’’ Rep. Randy Feenstra, R-Iowa, told Fox News Digital.

‘And I think once this all passes over the next two, three months, I think people will think, like, ‘Shame on all these partisan antics the government did and shame on [Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y.] for going down this path, having no idea of how to get it reopened.’

Feenstra is expected to announce a run for Iowa governor, having already started gathering endorsements and creating a ‘Feenstra for Governor’ website.

He’s also one of the vast majority of House Republicans who voted to pass the GOP’s government funding bill on Sept. 19.

It was a seven-week extension of fiscal year (FY) 2025 federal funding levels called a continuing resolution (CR), aimed at giving congressional negotiators more time to strike a longer-term deal on FY2026 spending.

But in the Senate, where at least several Democrats are needed to reach the 60-vote threshold to break a filibuster, progress has stalled.

Senate Democrats have tanked the bill in the upper chamber 11 times since the House passed it.

Three members of the Senate Democratic caucus have been voting with Republicans, but under the current tally, at least five more are needed to hold a final vote on the bill.

Democrats are demanding that any funding bill be paired with significant concessions on healthcare, specifically an extension of Obamacare subsidies that were enhanced during the COVID-19 pandemic, which are set to expire at the end of this year.

I think it affects people up and down the ticket, because you have the Democrats … who say, ‘Schumer is right.’ You have these liberal progressives that no matter what happens, they just want to spend more money, and they want to make sure illegal immigrants get healthcare,’ Feenstra said.

‘It’s very concerning, I think once people understand that, I think it could have a really catastrophic effect on Democrats next election cycle,’ he said.

Democrats have called GOP accusations that they want to restore healthcare for illegal immigrants a lie. A counter-proposal for a CR introduced by Democrats last month would eliminate healthcare changes in Republicans’ One Big Beautiful Bill Act, some of which are aimed at keeping certain noncitizens from accessing government-funded healthcare.

Feenstra also criticized Democrats’ counter-proposal because it would eliminate a new $50 billion rural hospital fund established in Republicans’ policy bill.

‘Everybody’s really worried about our healthcare. There’s $50 billion in the ‘big, beautiful bill,’ [President Donald Trump’s] big, beautiful bill, to help critical access hospitals in the Midwest and in Iowa. That’s in jeopardy right now,’ Feenstra said.

‘So there’s a lot of concern right now in rural Iowa. And everybody understands that you’ve got to get the government open so that we can negotiate and figure this out.’

The Iowa Republican, whose district skews heavily rural, said he was also worried about critical programs for farmers that are endangered by the shutdown.

‘This is really affecting the farm community over in the Midwest,’ he said.


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A pair of Senate Republicans plan to nominate President Donald Trump for the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in fast-tracking the production and distribution of vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sen. Bill Cassidy, R-La., and Senate Majority Whip John Barrasso, R-Wyo., plan to introduce a resolution that would formally nominate Trump for the prize for launching Operation Warp Speed at the onset of the pandemic in 2020.

The executive action saw a large-scale collaboration among multiple federal agencies and private companies to fast-track the research, development and distribution of vaccines during the pandemic, and was funded by billions from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. 

The lawmakers’ push comes after Trump expressed his desire to win the Peace Prize for his involvement in striking a deal between Israel and Hamas, and shortly after the prize committee passed over him. It’s also the most recent in a string of nomination pushes from congressional Republicans. 

Both Cassidy and Barrasso, who were doctors before becoming legislators, lauded the massive mobilization effort and credited Operation Warp Speed for saving millions of lives during the pandemic.

‘When Americans needed a vaccine in record time to stop a once-in-a-generation pandemic, President Trump delivered,’ Cassidy said. ‘The Nobel Prize has been given for a lot less. He should receive the next one!’

Barrasso contended that Operation Warp Speed would ‘not have been possible without President Trump’s bold leadership.’

‘He bent an infamously slow bureaucracy to his will to bring a vaccine to market in under a year. Operation Warp Speed saved millions of lives in the United States and millions more lives around the world. President Trump deserves the Nobel Peace Prize for his life-saving achievement,’ he said.

Other congressional Republicans have sought to nominate Trump for the award for varying achievements this year, including his involvement in striking a deal to see the end of the Israel-Hamas War. 

And Dr. Mehmet Oz, who Trump tapped as administrator for the Centers for Medicaid & Medicare Services, argued the president should win the prize for Operation Warp Speed, which he called a ‘a massive success for our country.’ 

But their push to nominate Trump for his role in vaccine development comes after both lawmakers sparred with Human Health and Services (HHS) Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., during a Senate hearing last month following turmoil at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and questions over his stance on vaccines.

Cassidy pressed Kennedy during his appearance before the Senate Finance Committee in September, where the HHS Secretary agreed that Trump should win the prize for Operation Warp Speed.

‘Absolutely, senator,’ Kennedy said.

However, at the time, Cassidy questioned Kennedy’s actions against vaccines prior to his role as HHS Secretary — and while leading the agency — that appeared to counter his support for Operation Warp Speed.

Kennedy countered that he began litigating against former President Joe Biden’s COVID-19 vaccine mandates and not against Trump’s push with Operation Warp Speed.

‘First of all, the reason that Operation Warp Speed was genius is it did something nobody ever [had] done — I don’t think any president but President Trump could do it — it got the vaccine to market that was perfectly matched to the virus at that time,’ Kennedy said. 


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Americans are afraid of their healthcare system — and that fear is justified. Families worry that an accident or illness will bankrupt them, and patients on public programs often wait months to see a doctor, sometimes dying in line before treatment begins. Nationally, healthcare spending is devouring nearly a fifth of the economy and driving America’s unsustainable debt trajectory.

The average family with employer-sponsored insurance now pays nearly $25,000 a year in premiums. Those dollars are siphoned out of paychecks before workers ever see them, enriching bureaucracies instead of delivering care. Meanwhile, US healthcare spending hit $4.9 trillion in 2023, almost 18 percent of GDP.

Where does all this money go? Too much is consumed by what we call BURRDEN: Bureaucratic, Unaccountable, Rigid, Regulated, Distorted, Expensive, and Needless costs. 

My co-authored research with Dr. Deane Waldman shows that these hidden costs could account for as much as 50 percent of total healthcare spending — up to $2.5 trillion every year wasted on forms, delays, compliance, and red tape, instead of healing.

Death by Queue

The most tragic result of BURRDEN is not financial waste but human loss. Medicaid now covers more than 80 million Americans, yet “coverage” does not equal access. Because government reimbursement rates are so low, fewer US physicians accept new Medicaid patients. Those who do are often overwhelmed, leading to months-long waits for appointments.

This is what we call death by queue. A Medicaid card promises care, but in practice, it too often means waiting in line while conditions worsen. Medicaid patients are more likely to experience poor outcomes, not because doctors treat them differently once in the operating room, but because they can’t get timely access to care in the first place. In economics, this is a shortage: demand outstrips supply because the government suppresses prices.

More funding won’t fix this. As long as bureaucrats cap reimbursement rates, providers will be forced to limit access to stay in business, and patients will continue to die waiting.

A Workforce Out of Balance

The structure of the healthcare workforce highlights the imbalance. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, medical and health services managers — administrators — are projected to grow 23 percent over the next decade, while physicians will grow just three percent. America is producing far more paper-pushers than doctors.

This explosion of administration mirrors the money trail. A landmark study found administrative costs account for 34 percent of US health spending. Add regulatory compliance, licensing barriers, and insurance bureaucracy, and BURRDEN consumes nearly half of every healthcare dollar.

Why More Government Fails

Washington’s instinct is to impose more rules and more price controls. The Inflation Reduction Act and the May 2025 Most Favored Nation Executive Order tied US drug prices to European systems that ration care and free-ride on American innovation.

But price caps don’t lower costs — they reduce supply. A National Bureau of Economic Research study found that a 40–50 percent drop in expected drug prices would cut new drug development by up to 60 percent. That means fewer cures and longer wait times.

The biotech sector illustrates the stakes. For decades, the US has led the world in new therapies because our system rewarded innovation. Now, with the government importing failed foreign policies, China is catching up fast, investing heavily under its “Made in China 2025” plan. 

If Washington continues to undermine innovation at home, patients will face not just queues, but the loss of tomorrow’s cures.

The Empower Patients Initiative

The alternative is clear: trust patients, not bureaucrats. The Empower Patients Initiative offers reforms that cut BURRDEN, reduce costs, and restore access to care.

  1. No-Limit Health Savings Accounts (HSAs)
    Families should be able to save and spend their own healthcare dollars tax-free, without arbitrary caps. HSAs restore price sensitivity and unleash competition. Instead of $24,000 in hidden premiums, families could control those dollars directly.

  2. Medicaid Block Grants to States
    Medicaid should be block-granted to states, giving them flexibility to innovate. States could expand direct primary care networks, integrate community clinics, and tailor coverage to local needs. Federalism fosters competition and accountability.

  3. Direct Patient-Doctor Relationships
    Third-party reimbursement schedules force doctors to serve bureaucrats instead of patients. Direct pay and subscription models restore trust and reduce paperwork. Direct Primary Care practices have already demonstrated that fewer intermediaries mean more time for patients and lower costs.

  4. Transparency and Real Prices
    Markets can’t work without prices. Providers should post costs upfront, as the Surgery Center of Oklahoma does. Transparency pressures providers to compete on value, not billing codes.

  5. Shrink Bureaucracy Naturally
    Middlemen, such as pharmacy benefit managers, grew in popularity because the government disconnected patients from the costs of their healthcare. In a true market, PBMs would shrink or evolve naturally, no longer artificially necessary. The goal isn’t to regulate them more — it’s to restore market conditions that render them optional.

Cutting BURRDEN in Half

The economic potential of these reforms is staggering. If we reduce BURRDEN by even half, up to $1.2 trillion a year could be redirected from bureaucracy to patients and providers. That’s enough to lower family costs dramatically, raise take-home pay, and improve access without expanding federal debt.

Think of what it would mean if patients could get timely appointments, if doctors spent more time healing than coding, and if innovation flowed freely rather than being strangled by red tape. That’s not utopian — it’s simply what happens when markets are allowed to function.

A Human and Moral Case

The human cost of the current system is undeniable. Medicaid patients die waiting for care. Families sacrifice $24,000 a year for coverage they can’t control. Doctors burn out while administrators multiply.

The moral case for reform is clear: stop rationing by bureaucracy, stop wasting trillions on BURRDEN, and give patients the dignity of choice. Healthcare is not a favor dispensed by government; it is a service best delivered through voluntary exchange.

Conclusion: Break the Chains

Healthcare is broken not because markets failed, but because markets were never allowed to function. BURRDEN is the inevitable result of central planning. The Empower Patients Initiative offers the way forward: HSAs without limits, Medicaid block grants, direct doctor-patient relationships, and transparent pricing.

If we free even half of the dollars now wasted on BURRDEN, America’s healthcare system would become more affordable, more innovative, and more humane. Patients would no longer die in queues, families would keep more of their wages, and doctors would be free to heal.

The question is simple: will we continue feeding the bureaucracy — or will we empower patients?

The answer should be obvious. Empower patients, not bureaucrats. That’s how we cut costs, cure queues, and let people prosper.

To develop effective responses to populism, it is essential to first understand its nature and underlying causes. Just as bait must appeal to the fish rather than the angler, a response to populism should persuade potential supporters by addressing its claims and causes directly. 

One of the primary causes of populism is the growing alienation of large sections of society from political, cultural, economic, and media elites. The perceived concentration and abuse of power by these elites contribute to this sense of alienation. Over the past 130 years, the rise of concentrated power and cronyism has repeatedly sparked populist discontent, leading to the formation of new populist movements and parties. 

The original populists of the American People’s Party were directed against monopolists in the railroad and financial industries at the end of the 1890s. The abuse of power by large landowners sparked the first populist wave in South America. Pierre Poujade protested against an overbearing central government in Paris in the 1950s. The Scandinavian tax populists in the 1970s took offense at excessive tax and duty burdens. The South American populists of the 1990s (Menem, Collor de Mello, and Fujimori) were offended by mismanagement and inflation. Umberto Bossi’s Lega Nord was activated by the perceived corruption of the Italian government. The Hungarian protest movement Fidesz initially rallied against the old socialist elites. The Tea Party was galvanized by Obama’s socialist economic and social policies, and the German AfD in its founding years by a redistribution supposedly controlled from Brussels in favor of the financial sector. Most recently, the Argentine Javier Milei rode to power on public exhaustion with a dysfunctional and bloated state. 

Researchers like Cas Mudde, Karin Priester, and Paul Taggart have identified key elements of populist ideologies: 

  • Friend-foe or people-elite thinking: a clear division between the virtuous people and corrupt elites. 
  • Heartland idealization: a nostalgic view of a traditional, idealized past. 
  • Productivism: the ideal of self-sufficiency and independence from state intervention. 

The populist ideal of a self-reliant middle class often aligns with farmers, craftsmen, and independent retailers who sustain themselves and cooperate with fellow citizens. 

Initially, populist movements often have a decentralized, anti-authoritarian character. When populists gain power, though, they tend to adopt collectivist and authoritarian tendencies. Once in office, they often seek to bypass constitutional constraints they once supported while in opposition. 

Over time, populist parties typically narrow their focus to the people-elite conflict, sidelining ideals like heartland and productivism. Early liberal and conservative supporters are often marginalized or leave in frustration. Ordoliberals — who believe government should design rules to maximize the potential of free markets — helped found the populist Alternative for Germany (AfD) but have since left the party. 

Nevertheless, many populist parties still adhere to liberal economic positions, at least programmatically. They see market-based competition as a means of limiting the power of the elites. However, with their pronounced friend-enemy thinking and their idealization of the people, populists overlook the fact that it is not only the supposedly evil elites who circumvent competition when it is in their interests to do so, but also the supposedly virtuous people. Good and evil are spread across all classes. Replacing the old elites with new elites therefore does not solve the fundamental problem. What populists lack is an idea of how economic and political power can be permanently limited, regardless of who is in power. 

This is where ordoliberalism comes into play. Like many populists, the founding fathers of ordoliberalism (Wilhelm Röpke, Alexander Rüstow, and Walter Eucken) were driven by a deep aversion to the concentration of power and heteronomy. In their youth and student years, this aversion expressed itself in sympathies for socialist (Röpke, Rüstow) or nationalist (Eucken) ideas. On their way to becoming professors of economics, however, they recognized the emancipatory power of market competition. Based on this insight, they channeled their populist impulse into a research program that sought a competitive order that could permanently limit the concentration of power and heteronomy. They had to painfully experience how, without such an order in the Weimar Republic, hyperinflation, a command economy and a defenseless democracy paved the way for the National Socialists.  

After the Second World War, in times of economic hardship and political disorientation, they filled the material and spiritual void with their concept. At the same time, Rüstow and Röpke criticized anti-market intellectuals and “theory manufacturers” and the ideologies of “utopianism, progressism, socialism, and egalitarianism” that they advocated. The sociological ordoliberals opposed the “modern mass society” with a decentralized view of society rooted in history, homeland and tradition. Both the populist and ordoliberal societies are based on a middle class that is aware of its vital function. When Rüstow and Röpke appeal to the self-determination instinct of this middle class and want to protect it from encroaching interventions by a central administration, the similarities to populists become clear, especially in their founding phase.  

These similarities make ordoliberalism an alternative to populism. But only the following differences make ordoliberalism a compatible, anti-totalitarian response to populism: 

Ordoliberalism shares some initial impulses with populism but diverges in crucial ways: 

  1. Collectivism vs. Diversity
    Populists seek a homogeneous society governed by the will of the people. In contrast, ordoliberals envision a diverse society with a recognized, merit-based elite operating within a stable regulatory framework. Switzerland’s decentralized structure reflects this model. 
  2. Institutions vs. Elites
    Populists target elites; ordoliberals seek to reform institutions. Eucken sought to rise above personal animosities, aiming instead to establish stable rules and frameworks that constrain power. 
  3. Tradition vs. Nationalism
    Ordoliberals value tradition but reject nationalism. Röpke criticized “popular nationalism” and warned against flattering “the new sovereign, the people” at the expense of other nations. 
  4. Advisors vs. Representatives
    Populists claim to embody the will of the people. Ordoliberals, while occasionally displaying elitism, seek to advise and influence democratic decision-making rather than bypass it. 
  5. Freedom and Law
    Ordoliberal freedom is bounded by law and the rights of others. Populist freedom tends to be more absolute and undefined. 
  6. Pluralism vs. Division
    Ordoliberals differentiate between healthy pluralism (shared constitutional and democratic power) and predatory pluralism (interest groups capturing the state). 

Learning from Ordoliberalism 

The first-generation ordoliberals found their way to liberalism in a roundabout way. As economists, they recognized the power of market-based competition as well as the need to develop this power through state-imposed framework conditions. As they always saw the economy in the context of society, they were not content to lament the crisis-ridden situation and the shortcomings of the inherited political and economic system of their time. They were looking for a humane order that would permanently secure freedom for society as a whole.  

We should resume this search today in order to find answers to the rise of authoritarian populism. As the economist Luigi Zingales wrote back in 2014, it is not enough to simply reject populist movements. Rather, they must first be understood in order to direct their destructive power at individual disempowered and dysfunctional parts of our democratic, constitutional and market economy institutions, not at democracy, the market economy and the rule of law per se. The insights of the early ordoliberals can help to distinguish liberal criticism of institutions from populist criticism of elites. Consequently, Luigi Zingales said in an interview in 2022: “We urgently need more ordoliberalism.” 

An ordoliberal-inspired policy adapted to the challenges of the twenty-first century treats sovereign citizens as such and offers them consistent rules without patronizing them. The changes driven by the market economy, globalization and technological developments have a power-limiting and emancipating effect rather than a threatening and power-fortifying one when citizens can influence the political framework and control political and economic power. Among the various principles that can guide responses to the populist challenge, the principle of subsidiarity stands out. If frustration is already being channeled at lower levels and leads to political reactions there, it will not be concentrated at the national or supranational level. Reforms based on ordoliberal principles toward competitive federalism can thus prevent the emergence and radicalization of populists.

For much of the twentieth century, the American Dream promised a straightforward bargain: work hard, save wisely, and secure a comfortable life. Today, that promise is fading. Surveys show only 31 percent of Americans believe the American Dream is still attainable. For my generation, Gen Z, lofty expectations of prosperity clash with economic realities, leaving many disillusioned.

The culprit is not just inflation or abnormally high interest rates, but also a petty populism that enchants leaders across the political spectrum. From Donald Trump’s tariffs to Joe Biden’s subsidies, both sides embrace protectionist policies that undermine the very Americans they claim to champion. These measures, cloaked in slogans like “Make America Great Again” or “Bidenomics,” are eroding the path to the American Dream.

Protectionist policies — tariffs on Chinese furniture, subsidies for domestic chipmakers, “Buy American” mandates — are building a “fortress economy” that traps sluggish growth and higher prices inside. According to the Tax Foundation, Trump’s tariffs would reduce US GDP by 0.8 percent over the next decade, translating to an average tax increase of $1,300 per US household in 2025. These estimates are understated, as they don’t account for the shrinking choices consumers face and the higher prices for substitute goods.  

Trump’s latest round of tariffs on furniture alone will raise prices for millions of households, as his previous import restrictions have already done. In fact, US furniture companies, the supposed beneficiaries of these tariffs, opposed Trump’s plan, arguing that these “tariffs cannot reopen factories that no longer exist, bring back thousands of workers who retired or moved on to other industries, nor reverse the interests and inclinations of today’s younger workers, who are attracted to higher-paying trades.”

Biden’s policies, despite their “green” rhetoric, mirrored this approach, raising input costs and slowing productivity growth without reviving manufacturing or clean energy. In his new book, Crushing Capitalism, Norbert Michel argues that populist agendas are depressing the brakes on decades of unprecedented US economic growth. He explains that the narrative of too much “liberalism” hollowing out the middle class is not only wrong, but dangerous.

These policies hit lower-income households hardest, functioning as a regressive tax, as Scott Lincicome of the Cato Institute notes. Steel and lumber tariffs, for instance, drive up housing costs, while subsidies divert capital from more productive uses, dampening economic growth. Deficit spending, fueled by protectionist schemes, further erodes real wages through inflation. The result is an economic storm that all Americans, especially the working class, must weather.

Nowhere is the retreat of the American Dream more evident than in housing. 

An Economist analysis found that in most US cities, a single person can’t afford to live alone without spending more than 30 percent of their income on rent. In other words, Americans are becoming house poor, or more accurately, apartment poor.

Young buyers, once an energetic customer base for housing, are increasingly priced out, their down payments swallowed by creeping inflation and stubborn student debt. Tariffs on Canadian lumber add thousands to the cost of a new home, while local zoning laws, like minimum-lot-size requirements, choke supply. Starter homes are increasingly unattainable, replaced by a rental treadmill that traps younger Americans outside the realm of homeownership.

This housing crisis is forcing many millennials and Gen Zers to turn to the stock market to chase wealth, a risky substitute for the stability of homeownership. Without reforms such as deregulating housing markets and scrapping protectionist tariffs, affordable homes will remain out of reach.

At its core, protectionism reflects a distrust of ordinary Americans, Don Boudreaux writes. It assumes citizens are too foolish to spend wisely, needing government to “correct” their choices. Trade is not a zero-sum game, butt a positive-sum exchange that has, over decades, raised living standards and the very prospect of the American Dream itself. There is no American Dream without free trade.

Protectionism reverses these gains, raising prices and limiting consumer choice.

The long-term costs are equally dire. Biden’s green subsidies and Trump’s trade wars have pushed the economy toward stagnation and inflation. Federal debt is at historic highs, productivity is sputtering, and uncertainty over taxes, trade, and regulations stifles growth. This environment punishes aspiration, making the Dream feel like a taunt rather than a promise.

Reviving the American Dream requires dismantling the fortress economy. Scrap tariffs that inflate consumer prices. Reform zoning laws to boost housing supply. Restrain federal spending to curb inflation. Above all, trust Americans to make their own choices in the marketplace.

The so-called “abundance movement,” sparked by Ezra Klein and Derek Thompson’s recent book on the subject, is a promising development among progressives. But their overreliance on government actors to solve economic challenges threatens the very supply-side abundance they hope to achieve.

The American Dream was never about government guarantees — it was about opportunity, the chance to rise through the sweat of your brow. Populism’s suspicion of markets and its faith in bureaucratic management undermine the ethos of opportunity. Americans don’t need government meddling. They need affordable goods, stable prices, and economic breathing room.

To remain a land of opportunity, America must embrace openness, competition, and economic freedom. Only then can the American Dream be fully unlocked for a new generation.