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Skyharbour Resources Ltd. (TSX-V: SYH ) (OTCQX: SYHBF ) (Frankfurt: SC1P ) (‘Skyharbour’ or the ‘Company’), is pleased to announce that it has acquired by low-cost staking 40 new prospective uranium exploration claims in Northern Saskatchewan, increasing Skyharbour’s total land package that it has ownership interest in to 614,353 ha (1,518,099 acres) across 36 projects. These new 100% owned claims add 62,690 ha to Skyharbour’s existing holdings in and around the Athabasca Basin, which is host to the highest-grade uranium deposits in the world and is consistently ranked as a top mining jurisdiction by the Fraser Institute. As the Company remains focused on its co-flagship Russell Lake and Moore projects, these new claims will become a part of Skyharbour’s prospect generator business as the Company will seek strategic partners to advance these assets.

Skyharbour’s New Uranium Project Portfolio Map:  
https://www.skyharbourltd.com/_resources/images/SKY_SaskProject_Locator_2024-11-21_v2.jpg

List of New Claims:

  • Foster Project – 11 additional contiguous claims totalling 14,890 ha
  • Horton Project – 3 new claims totalling 2,992 ha
  • Lynx Project – 2 new claims totalling 5,345 ha
  • Snowbird Project– 16 new claims totalling 29,712 ha
  • Pendleton Project – 3 new claims totalling 3,890 ha
  • Spence Project – 3 new claims totalling 2,419 ha
  • Orr Project – 1 new claim totalling 5,987 ha
  • Otter Project – 1 new claim totalling 4,838 ha

Summary of Recently Staked Properties:

Foster Project:

The drill-ready Foster property now consists of 26 claims totaling 21,252 hectares approximately 20 km east of Cameco’s Key Lake operation and adjoining the southwestern end of Skyharbour’s Falcon Project, currently optioned out to North Shore Uranium Ltd. The Foster claims are situated in the Wollaston Domain just outside of the currently mapped extent of the Athabasca Basin, with several small outliers of sandstone located regionally in the area. The basement geology consists of psammopelite, calc-silicate, diorite, pelitic gneiss and graphitic pelitic gneiss of the Daly Lake Group, accompanied by minor felsic orthogneisses.

Foster Project Map:  
https://www.skyharbourltd.com/_resources/images/Sky_Foster.jpg

Skyharbour has acquired these claims both through staking and the acquisition of additional claims from Eagle Plains. The claims acquired from Eagle Plains host geology are favourable for uranium and REE mineralization, with two significant mineralized areas, including the Great Plains Showing and the Red October Zone. There are numerous untested coincident geochemical and geophysical anomalies, many of which are drill-ready, with significant encouraging exploration to date for pegmatite- and fault-hosted uranium mineralization. Exploration in the Eagle Lake area at these claims between 1969 and the early 1980s resulted in the discovery of the Great Plains Showing. Exploration programs, including diamond-drilling, intersected intense alteration and shearing and high Radon-222 values. Notably, pitchblende mineralization was discovered in veins associated with fault structures. However, despite recommendations for a comprehensive follow-up program, further work was never carried out due to changing uranium market fundamentals. Another mineralized zone, the Red October Zone, was discovered in 2008 by Eagle Plains and consists of a 400 m intermittent uranium and REE-mineralized outcrop within a 1 km coincident soil geochemical and ground magnetic anomaly. In 2012, the Red October Zone was drill-tested, with all six holes encountering anomalous uranium and REEs.

Across the broader property package, prospective graphitic pelitic gneiss packages are exposed at surface. In addition to the two previously mentioned zones, the Foster project contains several other uraniferous occurrences, which often also host elevated REEs and thorium, and with samples collected on the property returning up to 657 ppm U, 6,644 ppm TREE, and 344 ppm Th. Significant untested potential exists on the Foster project for basement-hosted, unconformity-related uranium (‘URU’) deposits, akin to those found further north in the Wollaston Domain (i.e. Eagle Point, Rabbit Lake, Key Lake and others), as well as for additional pegmatite-hosted uranium, thorium, and REE mineralization.

Skyharbour plans to seek a partner company to option and advance the Foster Project as a part of its prospect generator business. Eagle Plains will retain a 2% Net Smelter Return (‘NSR’) royalty, subject to reduction on certain claims by underlying NSR agreements.

Horton Project:

The recently acquired Horton project consists of 3 claims totalling 2,922 ha, located approximately 34 km south of Cameco’s Rabbit Lake Operation, and 40 km southwest of the community of Wollaston Lake. The project lies just outside the Athabasca Basin, and is underlain by prospective Wollaston Supergroup metasedimentary rocks, including pelitic, psammopelitic, and graphitic pelitic gneisses similar to those hosting unconformity-related uranium mineralization at the nearby Eagle Point Deposit (Cameco’s Rabbit Lake operation).

Horton Project Map:  
https://www.skyharbourltd.com/_resources/images/Sky_Horton.jpg

The project has seen a limited amount of historical exploration with most of the work consisting of airborne and ground geophysical surveys in the late 1960’s and during the 1970’s. The only modern exploration work completed on the property was an airborne VLF-EM and magnetics survey which partially covered the property. One mineral occurrence is noted on the property, the Horton Island U-Th-bearing pegmatite (SMDI 1707). The entire property is prospective for basement-hosted unconformity-related uranium deposits as well as pegmatite-hosted U-Th-REE mineralization.

Lynx Project:

The Lynx property was recently acquired through staking and consists of two new claims totalling 5,345 ha located approximately 54 km south of Cameco’s Rabbit Lake Operation, with Highway 905 running along the eastern edge of the one claim, providing year-round easy access to the property. The project is located within 10 km of the edge of the Athabasca Basin within the Wollaston Domain and is underlain by the highly prospective Wollaston Supergroup metasedimentary rocks, including psammitic to psammopeltic, pelitic, and graphitic pelitic gneisses.

Lynx Project Map:  
https://www.skyharbourltd.com/_resources/images/Sky_Lynx.jpg

Several airborne and ground geophysical surveys were completed in the area between 1968 and 1979; however, no modern exploration work has been completed on the project. Despite its proximity to regional infrastructure, the project is an early-stage exploration project and remains prospective for basement-hosted URU mineralization.

Snowbird Project:

The Snowbird project consists of 16 new claims totalling 29,712 ha and is located about 35 km south of Cameco’s Centennial Deposit along the Virgin River Shear Zone. The claims are underlain by basement rocks of the Taltson and Mudjatik Domains, including Virgin Schist Group and Careen Lake Group metasedimentary gneisses, catalastites and mylonites of the Virgin River Shear Zone, and felsic gneisses, granitoids, amphibolites, and augen gneisses.

Snowbird Project Map:  
https://www.skyharbourltd.com/_resources/images/SKY_Snowbird.jpg

Several modern airborne geophysical surveys cover portions of the project with prospective EM conductors trending onto the property, but no modern ground geophysical surveys or diamond drilling have occurred on the project. The project is prospective for basement-hosted uranium mineralization, similar to that hosted at Cameco’s Centennial and Dufferin Lake Zones along trend to the north.

Orr Project:

The Orr project consists of one claim totalling 5,987 ha located in the northern Athabasca Basin approximately 46 km southeast of the community of Black Lake. The project is underlain by approximately 160 to 320 m of Athabasca Supergroup sandstones and conglomerates overlying Mudjatik Domain metasedimentary and granitoid gneisses. A series of discontinuous east-to-north-east trending EM conductors have been identified on the property, which are locally cross-cut by several NNW-trending regional faults.

Orr Project Map:  
https://www.skyharbourltd.com/_resources/images/Sky_Orr.jpg

The property has been covered by a variety of airborne and ground geophysical (including magnetics, EM, gravity, and radiometric surveys, with the most modern work consisting of airborne MEGATEM flown in 2006 and an airborne gravity survey in 2007 that covered the western portion of the property. The only drilling on the property consists of two drill holes, both of which were in the northeast corner of the property and intersected granitic rocks. The property remains prospective for both unconformity- and basement-hosted URU deposits.

Otter Project:

The Otter Project consists of one claim totalling 4,838 ha located in the northern Athabasca Basin approximately 41 km southeast of the community of Black Lake. The project is covered by Athabasca Supergroup sandstones and conglomerates overlying the Mudjatik Domain metasedimentary and granitic gneisses. Exploration work on the property includes airborne and ground EM and magnetics surveys and some prospecting and geochemical sampling. However, no drilling has been conducted on the Otter Project to date.

Otter Project Map:  
https://www.skyharbourltd.com/_resources/images/Sky_Otter.jpg

A 2007 MEGATEM survey covering the project showed the presence of strongly conductive rocks, potentially indicative of a graphitic fault zone cut by a NNW-trending magnetic dyke underlying the property, which remains untested by drilling. The property is prospective for both unconformity- and basement-hosted URU deposits.

Pendleton:

The Pendleton Project consists of three newly acquired mineral claims totalling 3,890 ha located approximately 70 km southeast of Cameco’s Key Lake Operation and 114 km northwest of the community of Southend. The Pendleton project lies along the Needle Falls Shear Zone in the eastern Wollaston Domain and Western Peter Lake Domain. It is underlain by the Wollaston Supergroup metasedimentary rocks, including psammopelitic, pelitic, and graphitic pelitic gneisses, as well as mylonitic and cataclastic rocks of the Needle Falls Shear zone and Archean granitoid gneisses, diorites, and gabbros of the Johnson River Inlier and Swan River Complex.

Pendleton Project Map:  
https://www.skyharbourltd.com/_resources/images/Sky_Pendleton.jpg

The initial exploration work on the project was conducted in the 1970s and 1980s, consisting of airborne magnetic, radiometric, and EM surveys, as well as prospecting and geochemical sampling. Additional modern exploration included an airborne GEOTEM survey in 2004, ground prospecting and geochemical sampling. A ground HLEM survey was conducted in 2007, followed by the drilling of a single drill hole, PL-003. This hole intersected faulted and sheared graphitic pelitic gneiss, which was anomalous in several pathfinder elements. The project is prospective for basement-hosted URU deposits as well as pegmatite-hosted U-Th-REE.

Spence:

The recently staked Spence property consists of 3 non-contiguous claims totalling 2,419 ha and is located approximately 75 to 85 km south of Cameco’s Rabbit Lake operation, with Highway 905 located within 1 km of the westernmost claims. The Spence project is underlain by Wollaston Supergroup metasedimentary gneisses, including psammopelitic to pelitic gneisses, graphitic pelitic gneisses adjacent to Archean granitic gneisses in the Eastern Wollaston Domain.

Spence Project Map:  
https://www.skyharbourltd.com/_resources/images/Sky_Spence.jpg

The project has seen significant historical exploration, including airborne EM, magnetics and radiometrics, as well as ground magnetics, EM, IP, and gravity surveys, and prospecting, geological mapping, and geochemical surveying in the 1960s to 1980s, with further exploration carried out in the mid-1990s. The historical exploration was predominantly focused on exploring SEDEX-style Pb-Zn mineralization following the discovery of the historic George Lake Pb-Zn Deposit adjacent to the property. However, the property is also considered highly prospective for unconformity-related uranium mineralization. The most recent work on the property included airborne EM (VTEM and VLF-EM), magnetics, and radiometrics surveys, flown in 2022 and 2023. The project is prospective for both SEDEX-style Pb-Zn and basement-hosted URU mineralization.

Qualified Person:

The technical information in this news release has been prepared in accordance with the Canadian regulatory requirements set out in National Instrument 43-101 and reviewed and approved by David Billard, P.Geo., a Consulting Geologist for Skyharbour as well as a Qualified Person.

*SMDI refers to the Saskatchewan Mineral Deposits Index and ‘AF’ refers to Saskatchewan Mineral Assessment File.

About Skyharbour Resources Ltd.:

Skyharbour holds an extensive portfolio of uranium exploration projects in Canada’s Athabasca Basin and is well positioned to benefit from improving uranium market fundamentals with interest in thirty-six projects covering over 614,000 hectares (over 1.5 million acres) of land. Skyharbour has acquired from Denison Mines, a large strategic shareholder of the Company, a 100% interest in the Moore Uranium Project, which is located 15 kilometres east of Denison’s Wheeler River project and 39 kilometres south of Cameco’s McArthur River uranium mine. Moore is an advanced-stage uranium exploration property with high-grade uranium mineralization at the Maverick Zone that returned drill results of up to 6.0% U 3 O 8 over 5.9 metres, including 20.8% U 3 O 8 over 1.5 metres at a vertical depth of 265 metres. Adjacent to the Moore Project is the Russell Lake Uranium Project, in which Skyharbour is operator with joint-venture partner Rio Tinto. The project hosts several high-grade uranium drill intercepts over a large property area with robust exploration upside potential. The Company is actively advancing these projects through exploration and drill programs.

Skyharbour also has joint ventures with industry leader Orano Canada Inc., Azincourt Energy, and Thunderbird Resources at the Preston, East Preston, and Hook Lake Projects respectively. The Company also has several active earn-in option partners, including CSE-listed Basin Uranium Corp. at the Mann Lake Uranium Project; CSE-listed Medaro Mining Corp. at the Yurchison Project; TSX-V listed North Shore Uranium at the Falcon Project; UraEx Resources at the South Dufferin and Bolt Projects; Hatchet Uranium at the Highway Project; Mustang Energy at the 914W Project; and TSX-V listed Terra Clean Energy at the South Falcon East Project. In aggregate, Skyharbour has now signed earn-in option agreements with partners that total over $41 million in partner-funded exploration expenditures, over $30 million worth of shares being issued, and over $22 million in cash payments coming into Skyharbour, assuming that these partner companies complete their entire earn-ins at the respective projects.

Skyharbour’s goal is to maximize shareholder value through new mineral discoveries, committed long-term partnerships, and the advancement of exploration projects in geopolitically favourable jurisdictions.

Skyharbour’s Uranium Project Map in the Athabasca Basin:  
https://www.skyharbourltd.com/_resources/images/SKY_SaskProject_Locator_2024-11-21_v1.jpg

To find out more about Skyharbour Resources Ltd. (TSX-V: SYH) visit the Company’s website at www.skyharbourltd.com .

Skyharbour Resources Ltd.

‘Jordan Trimble’
__________________________________
Jordan Trimble
President and CEO

For further information contact myself or:
Nicholas Coltura
Investor Relations Manager
‎Skyharbour Resources Ltd.
‎Telephone: 604-558-5847
‎Toll Free: 800-567-8181
‎Facsimile: 604-687-3119
‎Email: info@skyharbourltd.com

NEITHER THE TSX VENTURE EXCHANGE NOR ITS REGULATION SERVICES PROVIDER ACCEPTS RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ADEQUACY OR ACCURACY OF THE CONTENT OF THIS NEWS RELEASE.

Forward-Looking Information

This news release contains ‘forward‐looking information or statements’ within the meaning of applicable securities laws, which may include, without limitation, completing ongoing and planned work on its projects including drilling and the expected timing of such work programs, other statements relating to the technical, financial and business prospects of the Company, its projects and other matters. All statements in this news release, other than statements of historical facts, that address events or developments that the Company expects to occur, are forward-looking statements. Although the Company believes the expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, such statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Such statements and information are based on numerous assumptions regarding present and future business strategies and the environment in which the Company will operate in the future, including the price of uranium, the ability to achieve its goals, that general business and economic conditions will not change in a material adverse manner, that financing will be available if and when needed and on reasonable terms. Such forward-looking information reflects the Company’s views with respect to future events and is subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including the risks and uncertainties relating to the interpretation of exploration results, risks related to the inherent uncertainty of exploration and cost estimates and the potential for unexpected costs and expenses, and those filed under the Company’s profile on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward looking statements include, but are not limited to, continued availability of capital and financing and general economic, market or business conditions, adverse weather or climate conditions, failure to obtain or maintain all necessary government permits, approvals and authorizations, failure to obtain or maintain community acceptance (including First Nations), decrease in the price of uranium and other metals, increase in costs, litigation, and failure of counterparties to perform their contractual obligations. The Company does not undertake to update forward‐looking statements or forward‐looking information, except as required by law.


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Bitcoin Well Inc.

Edmonton, Alberta TheNewswire – January 7, 2025 Bitcoin Well Inc. (‘ Bitcoin Well ‘ or the ‘ Company ‘) ( TSXV: BTCW; OTCQB: BCNWF ), the non-custodial bitcoin business on a mission to enable independence announces Direct Deposit for USA Customers which enables the ability to deposit paychecks and other third party payments directly to Bitcoin Well.


Effective immediately, Bitcoin Well customers in the USA will have the ability to deposit paychecks or third party payments into their Bitcoin Well account. They can predetermine the percentage they would like converted into bitcoin and sent directly to their personal bitcoin wallets (AKA self custody).

‘Bitcoin Well customers can now be paid directly in bitcoin!’ said Adam O’Brien, founder and CEO of the Company. ‘We are bridging the gap between the capabilities of the existing financial system and our customer’s desire to live on a bitcoin standard. Our mission to enable independence is only possible when bitcoin in self custody is as easy to use as money in your bank. Today, we are one step closer to that reality. Bitcoin Well is the platform for anybody who wants to live on a bitcoin standard.’

Any funds not used to buy bitcoin will be deposited into the customer’s Bitcoin Well Cash account which can be withdrawn to an external bank, or used to buy bitcoin instantly at a later date.

About Bitcoin Well

Bitcoin Well is on a mission to enable independence. We do this by making bitcoin useful to everyday people to give them the convenience of modern banking and the benefits of bitcoin. We like to think of it as future-proofing money. Our existing Bitcoin ATM and Online Bitcoin Portal business units drive cash flow to help fund this mission.

Join our investor community and follow us on Nostr , , and to keep up to date with our business.

Bitcoin Well contact information

To book a virtual meeting with our Founder & CEO Adam O’Brien please use the following link: https://bitcoinwell.com/meet-adam

For additional investor & media information, please contact:

Adam O’Brien

Tel: 1 888 711 3866

ir@bitcoinwell.com

Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release .

Forward-looking information

Certain statements contained in this news release may constitute forward-looking information, which is often, but not always, identified by the use of words such as ‘anticipate’, ‘plan’, ‘estimate’, ‘expect’, ‘may’, ‘will’, ‘intend’, ‘should’, or the negative thereof and similar expressions. All statements herein other than statements of historical fact constitute forward-looking information including, but not limited to, statements in respect of Bitcoin Well’s business plans, strategy and outlook. Forward-looking information involves known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking information including, but not limited to, the risk factors described in Bitcoin Well’s annual information form and management’s discussion and analysis for the year ended December 31, 2023. Forward-looking information should not be unduly relied upon. Any forward-looking information contained in this news release represents Bitcoin Well’s expectations as of the date hereof and is subject to change. Bitcoin Well disclaims any intention or obligation to revise any forward-looking information, except as required by applicable securities legislation.

Copyright (c) 2025 TheNewswire – All rights reserved.

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Mawson Finland Limited (‘Mawson’ or the ‘Company’) (TSX-V:MFL) is pleased to announce that Mawson Finland Limited’s 100% owned Finnish subsidiary, Mawson Oy, through which the Rajapalot project is managed, has successfully, and with high marks for performance passed the verification process of Finnish Standard for Sustainable Exploration. The verification process was finalized during December 2024

The mining industry’s sustainability is monitored and developed through the international Towards Sustainable Mining standard (‘TSM‘). The purpose of implementing the standard is to encourage industry to adopt and develop more responsible practices. Responsible Mining and Exploration tools, such as social, environmental and safety responsibility reporting, have been developed in collaboration with the Sustainable Mining Network.

Ms. Noora Ahola, Mawson Finland Chief Executive Officer, states:We are very happy that the results of the verification process confirm what we have worked hard to achieve. We will of course continue to develop and further improve our working methods in all areas of our operations to ensure that we continue to meet the expectations and demands of the surrounding society in the best possible way in the future too. In terms of project development, taking care of ESG will continue to be significant to us and our investors.’

The member companies of the Finnish Mining Association (‘FinnMin‘) are committed to the Finnish Standards for Sustainable Exploration. The Standards were originally prepared in 2016 and updated between 2018 and 2021 and adhere to sustainable operating principles in terms of environmental, social and economic performance. The Standards provide companies instructions for sustainable operations at each stage of exploration and project development. The Standards are also used to assess performance and to verify member companies’ commitment to the general regulations. The Finnish Standards for Sustainable Exploration consist of common operating principles and three assessment tools for Social responsibility, Environment and Safety. These tools cover the entire lifecycle of exploration and project development stage-by-stage.

The Finnish Standards for Sustainable Exploration include principles for the companies to follow at all stages of exploration and project development:

  • Operations shall be carried out in a transparent manner;

  • The companies shall adhere to best practices in exploration and commit to the continuous improvement of their operations;

  • The companies shall minimise any negative impacts of their operations on local communities, the environment and biodiversity;

  • The companies shall respect the surrounding community and its culture and ways of life;

  • The companies shall engage in active dialogue with their communities of interest and involve these in the development of the principles for sustainable exploration;

  • The companies shall not jeopardise health or safety of their employees or local communities;

  • The companies shall complete any after-care measures of their exploration activities in a responsible manner.

Sustainability of exploration is assessed annually by means of self-assessment of the Standards for Sustainable Exploration. The result of the self-assessment provides evaluation of the sustainability of operations and guides towards development of operations in the various subareas of exploration and project development sustainability. For each assessment tool, five levels of performance have been determined (C-B-A-AA-AAA). The sustainability of exploration activities, i.e. the level of performance, is defined by the assessment criteria. All companies are expected to comply with the legal and government regulations and requirements described in the self-assessment at level C. Companies on self-assessment levels B-AAA have developed their operations and sustainability to exceed the legal and government regulations and requirements.

Mawson operations were classified to the highest possible AAA levels in ‘Community relationships’ and ‘The Environment’, and to level A, which is well above the Finnish legislative requirements, in ‘Safety’.

Figure 1: Mawson performance levels according to the verification report

The results of the self-assessment of The Standards for Sustainable Exploration are verified by an independent auditor every three years. The verification process has been created to ensure consistent, accurate and transparent self-assessment reporting by the companies committed to the Standards for Sustainable Exploration. The verification process ensures that the level reported by the company is consistent with the conclusion by the verifier. Verification is based on established auditing practices, such as interviews of relevant persons and checking documents. The verifier, at their discretion, may talk to local communities of interest. The Verification report includes at a statement that confirm the verified results.

The summary report of Mawson performance is available at https://kaivosvastuu.fi/en/exploration/2023-mawson-oy/.

About Mawson Finland Limited

Mawson Finland Limited is an exploration stage mining development company engaged in the acquisition and exploration of precious and base metal properties in Finland. The Company is primarily focused on gold and cobalt. The Corporation currently holds a 100% interest in the Rajapalot Gold-Cobalt Project located in Finland. The Rajapalot Project represents approximately 5% of the 100-square kilometre Rompas-Rajapalot Property, which is wholly owned by Mawson and consists of 11 granted exploration permits for 10,204 hectares and 2 exploration permit applications and a reservation notification area for a combined total of 40,496 hectares. In Finland, all operations are carried out through the Company’s fully owned subsidiary, Mawson Oy. Mawson maintains an active local presence of Finnish staff with close ties to the communities of Rajapalot.

Additional disclosure including the Company’s financial statements, technical reports, news releases and other information can be obtained at mawsonfinland.com or on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca.

Media and Investor Relations Inquiries

Please contact: Neil MacRae Executive Chairman at neil@mawsonfinland.com or +1 (778) 999-4653, or Noora Ahola Chief Executive Officer at nahola@mawson.fi or +358 (505) 213-515.

Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this news release. No securities regulatory authority has reviewed or approved of the contents of this news release.

Forward-looking Information

This news release includes certain ‘forward-looking information’ and ‘forward-looking statements’ within the meaning of applicable securities laws (collectively, ‘forward-looking information’) which are not comprised of historical facts. Forward-looking information includes, without limitation, estimates and statements that describe the Company’s future plans, objectives or goals, including words to the effect that the Company or management expects a stated condition or result to occur. Forward-looking information may be identified by such terms as ‘believes’, ‘anticipates’, ‘expects’, ‘estimates’, ‘aims’, ‘may’, ‘could’, ‘would’, ‘will’, ‘must’ or ‘plan’. Since forward-looking information is based on assumptions and address future events and conditions, by their very nature they involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Although these statements are based on information currently available to the Company, and management of the Company believes them to be reasonable based upon, among other information, the contents of the PEA and the exploration information disclosed in this news release, the Company provides no assurance that actual results will meet management’s expectations. Risks, uncertainties and other factors involved with forward-looking information could cause actual events, results, performance, prospects and opportunities to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking information. Forward-looking information in this news release includes, but is not limited to, the Company’s objectives, goals or future plans, any expected receipt of additional assay results or other exploration results and the impact upon the Company thereof, any expected milestone independent data verification, the continuance of the Company’s quality assurance and quality control program, potential mineralization whether peripheral to the existing Rajapalot resource or elsewhere, any anticipated disclosure of assay or other exploration results and the timing thereof, the estimation of mineral resources, exploration and mine development plans, including drilling, soil sampling, geophysical and geochemical work, any expected search for additional exploration targets and any results of such searches, potential acquisition by the Company of any property, the growth potential of the Rajapalot resource, all values, estimates and expectations drawn from or based upon the PEA, and estimates of market conditions. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from such forward-looking information include, but are not limited to: any change in industry or wider economic conditions which could cause the Company to adjust or cancel entirely its exploration plans, failure to identify mineral resources or any additional exploration targets, failure to convert estimated mineral resources to reserves, any failure to receive the results of completed assays or other exploration work, poor exploration results, the inability to complete a feasibility study which recommends a production decision, the preliminary and uncertain nature of the PEA, the preliminary nature of metallurgical test results, delays in obtaining or failures to obtain required governmental, environmental or other project approvals, political risks, uncertainties relating to the availability and costs of financing needed in the future, changes in equity markets, inflation, changes in exchange rates, fluctuations in commodity prices, delays in the development of projects, capital and operating costs varying significantly from estimates and the other risks involved in the mineral exploration and development industry, and those risks set out in the Company’s public documents filed on SEDAR+. Although the Company believes that the assumptions and factors used in preparing the forward-looking information in this news release are reasonable, undue reliance should not be placed on such information, which only applies as of the date of this news release, and no assurance can be given that such events will occur in the disclosed time frames or at all. The Company disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, other than as required by law.

SOURCE: Mawson Finland Limited

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Saga Metals Corp. (‘SAGA’ or the ‘Company’) (TSXV: SAGA) (OTCQB: SAGMF) (FSE: 20H) a North American exploration company focused on critical mineral discovery, is pleased to announce the start of mobilization efforts for the Company’s maiden drill programs at both of the 100% owned Double Mer Uranium and Radar Titanium-Vanadium (Ti-V) projects.

Michael Garagan, CGO & Director of Saga Metals Corp. comments: ‘The decision to run back-to-back drill programs and include the Radar Ti-V project is strategic and efficient as we are always looking to maximize our cost-effectiveness and shareholder value. We’ve engaged Gladiator Drilling out of Newfoundland; mobilization to the Double Mer Uranium project brings the contractors through southeastern Labrador and past the Radar project off route 516. Both the drilling and geological teams will be able to drive right into Radar’s Hawkeye zone for an estimated 3-week drill program prior to initiating the Double Mer Uranium drill program. SAGA will be able to enter Q2 with drill results from two projects, setting the stage for a very active 2025 field season.’

Gladiator Drilling Ltd will utilize one heli-portable diamond drill rig with the necessary NQ coring and survey tools to complete SAGA’s maiden drill programs. Drill teams will execute back-to-back day and night shifts with only a short drive from the town of Cartwright, Labrador to the drilling site.

Mobilization efforts have already commenced with the procurement of equipment, fuel, and finalization of personnel. Workers will begin the construction of drill pads and other necessary preparations prior to the full drill crew’s arrival on site.

Drill Permits Received for Double Mer Uranium and Radar Titanium & Vanadium Projects:

The Company has received drill permits from the Newfoundland & Labrador government to commence drilling at the Double Mer Uranium project and Radar Titanium-Vanadium (Ti-V) project. Highlights heading into the drilling programs include:

  • Maiden Drill Programs: Drilling is scheduled to commence in Q1 2025 with a minimum 1,500m program at both the Double Mer Uranium and Radar Titanium-Vanadium Projects.
  • Double Mer Uranium Drilling Location: This drill program will systematically grid and evaluate the anomalies of the Luivik zone , providing comprehensive data on its uranium potential.
  • Double Mer’s Luivik Zone Potential: The westernmost area of the 18km radiometric trend showcases potential for secondary fluid enrichment that can be conducive to uranium mineralization with 300m width and potentially a 1km strike containing samples up to 0.3692% U 3 O 8 .
  • Radar Ti-V Drilling Location: The Hawkeye zone is the most advanced zone with both surface samples and detailed geophysics creating clear drill targets.
  • Radar’s Hawkeye Zone Potential: Assays have returned consistent values between 2.5 – 11.1% TiO2 and 0.2 – 0.66% V2O5 , confirming the presence of high-grade titanium & vanadium across a potential 1km wide and 4km long trend further confirmed with geophysics.

Double Mer Uranium Project – Labrador, Canada

The Double Mer Uranium Project is Saga Metals’ flagship project, covering 1,024 claims across 25,600 hectares in eastern-central Labrador, approximately 90 km northeast of Happy Valley-Goose Bay. Leveraging significant historical exploration data, SAGA’s exploration team validated key data and built upon the Company’s understanding of the project’s uranium potential. This work has refined the understanding of the uranium targets within the zone, specifically supporting the decision to initiate a 1500-2500m drill program at the Luivik zone .

SAGA sees the Double Mer Uranium Project as a promising addition to the significant uranium projects already established in Labrador’s Central Mineral Belt (CMB) , including Paladin Energy’s Michelin and Atha Energy’s CMB discovery. With encouraging surface samples and geophysical data, SAGA believes Double Mer could offer comparable large-tonnage uranium potential.

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Figure 1: Regional map of the Double Mer Uranium Project in Labrador, Canada

The Luivik zone has been prioritized for drilling due to its anomalous uranium (U 3 O 8 %) geochemistry, along with clear signs of alteration and fluid enrichment. This zone exhibits Iron phase IOCG (Iron Oxide Copper Gold) fluid characteristics, such as high concentrations of smoky quartz and iron carbonate staining, which are indicators of late fluid flow. These characteristics will be carefully monitored as it can have the potential to enrich uraniferous units and mark the highest-grade intercepts. Consistent CPS (counts per second) readings further highlight the Luivik zone’s uranium potential, making it a top target for exploration.

The Luivik zone boasts a width of 300 meters between samples with a cut-off of 0.015% U 3 O 8 and anomalous grades over 0.11% U 3 O 8 to a high of 0.3692% U 3 O 8 in a single sample. The uranium count radiometrics suggest that the anomalous pegmatites which predominantly hosts the Luivik zone may extend upwards of 1km or greater.

The zone’s favorable mineralogy is complemented by logistical advantages. Located just 1km from Double Mer’s main camp, the Luivik zone offers easy access for drilling teams, with snowmobile trails in place to support active drilling operations, ensuring both practical and cost-effective program execution.

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Figure 2: The Luivik zone in the west of the Double Mer Uranium Property. Mapped pegmatites with amphibolite mafic rocks which sit in place with much of the mineralized trends.

Michael Garagan, CGO & Director of Saga Metals Corp. discusses drilling strategy: ‘Drilling the Luivik zone which contains some of the most encouraging results, combined with less complicated logistics is the best starting point for SAGA at the Double Mer Uranium Project. We will be immediately looking to build off this winter program by getting permits ready to continue to test zones further east such as the Nanuk and Katjuk zones in Q2 and Q3 of 2025. We are aiming to confirm uranium concentrations and take initial steps in delineating this zone’s potential as a critical step in positioning Double Mer as a quality project in Labrador’s large-tonnage uranium landscape.’

Radar Titanium & Vanadium Project – Labrador, Canada

The Radar Ti-V Property is located 10km south of Cartwright in Labrador, Canada. The project spans 17,250 hectares and benefits from road access, supporting efficient exploration and development.

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Figure 3: Map of the Radar Ti-V project and its proximity to the town of Cartwright, Labrador

The Hawkeye zone is the most prospective target on the property. Detailed geophysics and surface samples are suggestive of a complex and phased layered mafic intrusion that may be upwards of 1km wide and 4km long. Recent geophysics completed on the property show very detailed correlation to the rock samples and observed phase changes in the system.

Increased immiscibility in the east creates pronounced silica rich (magnetite depleted) banding mixed interstitially with high grade massive magnetite layers above 5 – 11.1% TiO2 & 0.3 – 0.66% V205. This first phase can be identified by the contact of low magnetics bands (blue) and highly magnetic bands (red, pink) ( see Figure 4 below ). After the high-grade banding the rocks transition into a gabbro norite rock moving westwards which contains a disseminated magnetite groundmass. These rocks are lower grade averaging (3-5% TiO2) & (0.1-0.2% V2O5) but are consistent and extensive in width. The entirety of these cross-system phases is almost 1km wide with a near vertical dip of each layer.

SAGA aims to complete a 1,500m drill program at the Hawkeye zone over the area encompassing the anomalous TiO2 and V2O5 surface samples and targeted geophysics segment as shown in Figure 4 below.

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Figure 4: Geophysics completed over a targeted area within the Hawkeye Zone increasing width to 1km and a projected 4km strike

About Saga Metals Corp.

Saga Metals Corp. is a North American mining company focused on the exploration and discovery of critical minerals that support the global transition to green energy. The company’s flagship asset, the Double Mer Uranium Project, is located in Labrador, Canada, covering 25,600 hectares. This project features uranium radiometrics that highlight an 18-kilometer east-west trend, with a confirmed 14-kilometer section producing samples as high as 4,281ppm U 3 O 8 and spectrometer readings of 22,000cps.

In addition to its uranium focus, SAGA owns the Legacy Lithium Property in Quebec’s Eeyou Istchee James Bay region. This project, developed in partnership with Rio Tinto, has been expanded through the acquisition of the Amirault Lithium Project. Together, these properties cover 65,849 hectares and share significant geological continuity with other major players in the area, including Rio Tinto, Winsome Resources, Azimut Exploration, and Loyal Lithium.

SAGA also holds secondary exploration assets in Labrador, where the company is focused on the discovery of titanium, vanadium, and iron ore. With a portfolio that spans key minerals crucial to the green energy transition, SAGA is strategically positioned to play an essential role in the clean energy future.

For more information, contact:
Saga Metals Corp.
Investor Relations
Tel: +1 (778) 930-1321
Email: info@sagametals.com
www.sagametals.com

Qualified Person

Peter Webster P.Geo. CEO of Mercator Geological Services Limited is an Independent Qualified Person as defined under National Instrument 43-101 and has reviewed and approved the technical information related to the Double Mer Uranium Project and Radar Ti-V Project disclosed in this news release.

The TSX Venture Exchange has not reviewed and does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or adequacy of this release. Neither the TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Service Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.

Cautionary Disclaimer

This news release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of applicable securities laws that are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements are often identified by terms such as ‘will’, ‘may’, ‘should’, ‘anticipates’, ‘expects’, ‘believes’, and similar expressions or the negative of these words or other comparable terminology. All statements other than statements of historical fact, included in this release are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. In particular, this news release contains forward-looking information pertaining to the Company’s plans and objectives in respect of the planned drill programs. There can be no assurance that such statements will prove to be accurate and actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the Company’s expectations include, but are not limited to, changes in the state of equity and debt markets, fluctuations in commodity prices, delays in obtaining required regulatory or governmental approvals, environmental risks, limitations on insurance coverage, risks and uncertainties involved in the mineral exploration and development industry, and the risks detailed in the Company’s final prospectus in Manitoba and amended and restated final prospectus for British Columbia, Alberta and Ontario dated August 30, 2024, filed under its SEDAR+ profile at www.sedarplus.ca, and in the continuous disclosure filings made by the Company with securities regulations from time to time. The reader is cautioned that assumptions used in the preparation of any forward-looking information may prove to be incorrect. Events or circumstances may cause actual results to differ materially from those predicted, as a result of numerous known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, many of which are beyond the control of the Company. The reader is cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking information. Such information, although considered reasonable by management at the time of preparation, may prove to be incorrect and actual results may differ materially from those anticipated. Forward-looking statements contained in this news release are expressly qualified by this cautionary statement. The forward-looking statements contained in this news release are made as of the date of this news release and the Company will update or revise publicly any of the included forward-looking statements only as expressly required by applicable law.

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The BRICS nations, originally composed of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, have had many discussions about establishing a new reserve currency backed by a basket of their respective currencies.

A BRICS currency was a topic at the 2024 BRICS Summit that took place October 22 to 24 in Kazan, Russia. At the summit, the BRICS nations continued their discussions of creating a potentially gold-backed currency, known as the ‘Unit,’ as an alternative to the US dollar.

The potential BRICS currency would allow these nations to assert their economic independence while competing with the existing international financial system. The current system is dominated by the US dollar, which accounts for about 90 percent of all currency trading. Until recently, nearly 100 percent of oil trading was conducted in US dollars; however, in 2023, one-fifth of oil trades were reportedly made using non-US dollar currencies.

Central to this ongoing situation is the US trade war with China, as well as US sanctions on China and Russia. Should the BRICS nations establish a new reserve currency, it would likely significantly impact the US dollar, potentially leading to a decline in demand, or what’s known as de-dollarization. In turn, this would have implications for the United States and global economies.

Another factor is former US president Donald Trump returning for a second term beginning on January 20. Trump’s America-first policies are expected to drive up the value of the dollar compared to its global counterparts, as was already on display the day following his election win on November 5 as China’s yuan, Russia’s ruble, Brazil’s real, India’s rupee and South Africa’s rand all fell. This could in turn push these BRICS member nations to look for new paths to move away from the US dollar.

At the 2024 BRICS summit, Russian President Vladimir Putin appeared on stage holding what appeared as a prototype of a possible BRICS banknote. However, he seemed to back away from previous aggressive calls for de-dollarization, stating the goal of the BRICS member nations is not to move away from the US dollar-dominated SWIFT platform, but rather to deter the ‘weaponization’ of the US dollar by developing alternative systems for using local currencies in financial transactions between BRICS countries and with trading partners.

‘We are not refusing, not fighting the dollar, but if they don’t let us work with it, what can we do? We then have to look for other alternatives, which is happening,’ he stated.

It’s still too hard to predict if and when a BRICS currency will be released in 2025 or beyond, but it’s a good time to look at the potential for a BRICS currency and its possible implications for investors.

In this article

    Why do the BRICS nations want to create a new currency?

    The BRICS nations have a slew of reasons for wanting to set up a new currency. Recent global financial challenges and aggressive US foreign policies have prompted the BRICS countries to explore the possibility. They want to better serve their own economic interests while reducing global dependence on the US dollar and the euro.

    When will a BRICS currency be released? There’s no definitive launch date as of yet, but the countries’ leaders have discussed the possibility at length. During the 14th BRICS Summit, held in mid-2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin said the BRICS countries plan to issue a ‘new global reserve currency,’ and are ready to work openly with all fair trade partners.

    In April 2023, Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva showed support for a BRICS currency, commenting, “Why can’t an institution like the BRICS bank have a currency to finance trade relations between Brazil and China, between Brazil and all the other BRICS countries? Who decided that the dollar was the (trade) currency after the end of gold parity?”

    In the lead up to the 2023 BRICS Summit last August, there was speculation that an announcement of such a currency could be on the table. This proved to be wishful thinking, however.

    ‘The development of anything alternative is more a medium to long term ambition. There is no suggestion right now to creates a BRICS currency,’ Leslie Maasdorp, CFO of the New Development Bank, told Bloomberg at the time. The bank represents the BRICS bloc.

    South Africa’s BRICS ambassador, Anil Sooklal, has said as many as 40 countries have expressed interest in joining BRICS. At the 2023 BRICS Summit, six countries were invited to become BRICS members: Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. All but Argentina officially joined the alliance in January 2024.

    At the 2024 BRICS Summit, 13 nations signed on as BRICS partner countries (not yet full-fledged members): Algeria, Belarus, Bolivia, Cuba, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Nigeria, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, Vietnam and Uzbekistan.

    In recent years, the US has placed numerous sanctions on Russia and Iran. The two countries are working together to bring about a BRICS currency that would negate the economic impacts of such restrictions, according to Iranian Ambassador to Russia Kazem Jalal, speaking at a press conference during the Russia–Islamic World: KazanForum in May 2024.

    Some experts believe that a BRICS currency is a flawed idea, as it would unite countries with very different economies. There are also concerns that non-Chinese members might increase their dependence on China’s yuan instead. That said, when Russia demanded in October 2023 that India pay for oil in yuan as Russia is struggling to use its excess supply of rupees. However, India refused to use anything other than the US dollar or rupees to pay.

    What would the advantages of a BRICS currency be?

    A new currency could have several benefits for the BRICS countries, including more efficient cross-border transactions and increased financial inclusion. By leveraging blockchain technology, digital currencies and smart contracts, the currency could revolutionize the global financial system. Thanks to seamless cross-border payments, it could also promote trade and economic integration among the BRICS nations and beyond.

    A new BRICS currency would also:

    • Strengthen economic integration within the BRICS countries
    • Reduce the influence of the US on the global stage
    • Weaken the standing of the US dollar as a global reserve currency
    • Encourage other countries to form alliances to develop regional currencies
    • Mitigate risks associated with global volatility due to unilateral measures and the diminution of dollar dependence

    What is Donald Trump’s stance on a BRICS currency?

    US President-elect Donald Trump has not been shy about upping the ante on American protectionism with his plans to slap tariffs on imported goods beginning this year. During the first US Presidential Debate between him and Vice President Kamala Harris on September 10 last year, Trump doubled down on his pledge to impose strict tariffs on nations seeking to move away from the US dollar as the global currency.

    He is taking a particularly strong stance against China, threatening to implement 60 percent to 100 percent tariffs on Chinese imports, although these hefty tariffs would be paid by American companies and consumers purchasing Chinese products, not by China itself.

    In early December, Trump posted an even more direct threat to BRICS nations on the social media platform Truth Social. “We require a commitment from these countries that they will neither create a new Brics currency nor back any other currency to replace the mighty US dollar or they will face 100% tariffs and should expect to say goodbye to selling into the wonderful US economy,” he wrote.

    In response to Trump demanding a ‘commitment’ from BRICS nations not to challenge the supremacy of the US dollar, Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov sounded less than threatened. ‘More and more countries are switching to the use of national currencies in their trade and foreign economic activities,’ said Peskov, per Reuters. ‘If the U.S. uses force, as they say economic force, to compel countries to use the dollar it will further strengthen the trend of switching to national currencies (in international trade).’

    How would a new BRICS currency affect the US dollar?

    Pile of US paper dollar bills spread out in different denominations.

    RomanR / Shutterstock

    For decades, the US dollar has enjoyed unparalleled dominance as the world’s leading reserve currency. According to the US Federal Reserve, between 1999 and 2019, the dollar was used in 96 percent of international trade invoicing in the Americas, 74 percent in the Asia-Pacific region and 79 percent in the rest of the world.

    According to the Atlantic Council, the US dollar is used in approximately 88 percent of currency exchanges, and 59 percent of all foreign currency reserves held by central banks. Due to its status as the most widely used currency for conversion and its use as a benchmark in the forex market, almost all central banks worldwide hold dollars. Additionally, the dollar is used for the vast majority of oil trades.

    Although the dollar’s reserve currency share has decreased as the euro and yen have gained popularity, the dollar is still the most widely used reserve currency, followed by the euro, the yen, the pound and the yuan.

    The potential impact of a new BRICS currency on the US dollar remains uncertain, with experts debating its potential to challenge the dollar’s dominance. However, if a new BRICS currency was to stabilize against the dollar, it could weaken the power of US sanctions, leading to a further decline in the dollar’s value. It could also cause an economic crisis affecting American households. Aside from that, this new currency could accelerate the trend toward de-dollarization.

    Nations worldwide are seeking alternatives to the US dollar, with examples being China and Russia trading in their own currencies, and countries like India, Kenya and Malaysia advocating for de-dollarization or signing agreements with other nations to trade in local currencies or alternative benchmarks.

    While it is unclear whether a new BRICS currency would inspire the creation of other US dollar alternatives, the possibility of challenging the dollar’s dominance as a reserve currency remains. And as countries continue to diversify their reserve holdings, the US dollar could face increasing competition from emerging currencies, potentially altering the balance of power in global markets.

    However, a recent study by the Atlantic Council’s GeoEconomics Center released in June 2024 shows that the US dollar is far from being dethroned as the world’s primary reserve currency.

    ‘The group’s ‘Dollar Dominance Monitor’ said the dollar continued to dominate foreign reserve holdings, trade invoicing, and currency transactions globally and its role as the primary global reserve currency was secure in the near and medium term,’ reported Reuters.

    Ultimately, the impact of a new BRICS currency on the US dollar will depend on its adoption, its perceived stability and the extent to which it can offer a viable alternative to the dollar’s longstanding hegemony.

    Will BRICS have a digital currency?

    BRICS nations do not as of yet have their own specific digital currency, but a BRICS blockchain-based payment system is in the works, according to Kremlin aide Yury Ushakov in March 2024. Known as the BRICS Bridge multisided payment platform, it would connect member states’ financial systems using payment gateways for settlements in central bank digital currencies.

    The planned system would serve as an alternative to the current international cross-border payment platform, the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) system, which is dominated by US dollars.

    “We believe that creating an independent BRICS payment system is an important goal for the future, which would be based on state-of-the-art tools such as digital technologies and blockchain. The main thing is to make sure it is convenient for governments, common people and businesses, as well as cost-effective and free of politics,” Ushakov said in an interview with Russian news agency TASS.

    Another dollar-alternative digital currency cross-border payment system in the works is Project mBridge, under development via a collaboration between the BIS Innovation Hub Hong Kong Centre, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, the Bank of Thailand, the Digital Currency Institute of the People’s Bank of China and the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates. Saudi Arabia has also recently decided to join the project. The central bank digital currencies traded on the platform would be backed by gold and local currencies minted in member nations.

    In June 2024, Forbes reported that the mBridge platform had reached a significant milestone by completing its minimal viable product stage (MVP). The MVP platform can undertake real-value transactions (subject to jurisdictional preparedness) and is compatible with the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), a decentralized virtual environment that executes code consistently and securely across all Ethereum nodes,’ stated the publication. ‘MVP thus is suitable as a testbed for new use cases and interoperability with other platforms.’

    ‘(New Development Bank President Dilma Rousseff) came out and publicly said that there has been an agreement in principle to use a new settlement currency called the Unit, which will be backed 40 percent by gold and 60 percent by the local currencies in the BRICS union — the BRICS+ countries. That gold will be in the form of kilo bars and will be deliverable or redeemable for those entities,’ Schectman said.

    ‘The basket of gold and the basket of currencies will be minted in the member countries … it will be put into an escrow account, taken off the ledger so to speak — off of their balance sheet and put onto the mBridge ledger, and held in an escrow account in their own borders. It doesn’t need to be sent to a central authority.’

    How would a BRICS currency impact the economy?

    A potential shift toward a new BRICS currency could have significant implications for the North American economy and investors operating within it. Some of the most affected sectors and industries include:

    • Oil and gas
    • Banking and finance
    • Commodities
    • International trade
    • Technology
    • Tourism and travel
    • The foreign exchange market

    A new BRICS currency would also introduce new trading pairs, alter currency correlations and affect market volatility, requiring investors to adapt their strategies accordingly.

    How can investors prepare for a new BRICS currency?

    Adjusting a portfolio in response to emerging BRICS currency trends may be a challenge for investors. However, several strategies can be adopted to capitalize on these trends.

    • Invest in commodities like gold and silver as a hedge against currency risk.
    • Gain exposure to BRICS equity markets through stocks and ETFs that track BRICS market indexes.
    • Consider alternative investments such as real estate or private equity in the BRICS countries.

    Prudent investors will also weigh these strategies against their exposure to market, political and currency fluctuations.

    In terms of investment vehicles, investors could consider ETFs such as the iShares MSCI BIC ETF (ARCA:BKF) or the Pacer Emerging Markets Cash COW 100 ETF (NASDAQ:ECOW). They could also invest in mutual funds such as the T. Rowe Price Emerging Markets Equity Fund, or in individual companies within the BRICS countries.

    Simply put, preparing for a new BRICS currency or potential de-dollarization requires careful research and due diligence by investors. Diversifying currency exposure, and investing in commodities, equity markets or alternative investments are possible options to consider while being mindful of the associated risks.

    Investor takeaway

    While it is not certain whether the creation of a BRICS reserve currency will come to pass, its emergence would pose significant implications for the global economy and potentially challenge the US dollar’s dominance as the primary reserve currency. This development would present unique investment opportunities, while introducing risks to existing investments as the shifting landscape alters monetary policy and exacerbates geopolitical tensions.

    For those reasons, investors should closely monitor the progress of a possible BRICS currency. And, if the bloc does eventually create one, it will be important watch the currency’s impact on BRICS member economies and the broader global market. Staying vigilant will help investors to capitalize on growth prospects and hedge against potential risks.

    FAQs for a new BRICS currency

    Is a BRICS currency possible?

    Some financial analysts point to the creation of the euro in 1999 as proof that a BRICS currency may be possible. However, this would require years of preparation, the establishment of a new central bank and an agreement between the five nations to phase out their own sovereign currencies; it would most likely also need the support of the International Monetary Fund to be successful internationally.

    The impact of its war on Ukraine will continue to weaken Russia’s economy and the value of the ruble, and China is intent on raising the power of the yuan internationally. There is also a wide chasm of economic disparity between China and other BRICS nations. These are no small obstacles to overcome.

    Would a new BRICS currency be backed by gold?

    Additionally, speaking at this year’s New Orleans Investment Conference, well-known author Jim Rickards gave a detailed talk on how a gold-backed BRICS currency could work. He suggested that if a BRICS currency unit is worth 1 ounce of gold and the gold price goes to US$3,000 per ounce, the BRICS currency unit would be worth US$3,000, while the dollar would lose value compared to the BRICS currency as measured by the weight of gold.

    Importantly though, he doesn’t see this as a new gold standard, or the end of the US dollar or the euro.

    “(With) a real gold standard, you can take the currency and go to any one of the central banks and get some gold,” Rickards said at the event. “With BRICS they don’t have to own any gold, they don’t have to buy any gold, they don’t have to prop up the price. They can just rise on the dollar gold market.’

    How much gold do the BRICS nations have?

    As of Q3 2024, the combined central bank gold holdings of the original BRICS nations plus Egypt (the only nation of the five new additions to have central bank gold reserves) accounted for more than 20 percent of all the gold held in the world’s central banks. Russia, India and China rank in the top 10 for central bank gold holdings.

    Russia controls 2,335.85 metric tons (MT) of the yellow metal, making it the fifth largest for central bank gold reserves. China follows in the sixth spot with 2,264.32 MT of gold and India places eighth with 853.63 MT. Brazil and South Africa’s central bank gold holdings are much smaller, coming in at 129.65 MT and 125.44 MT, respectively. New BRICS member Egypt’s gold holdings are equally small, at 126.82 MT.

    Securities Disclosure: I, Melissa Pistilli, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.

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    In recent years, the global oil market has been impacted significantly by COVID-19 disruptions, price wars between oil-producing nations, Russia’s war in Ukraine and the conflicts in the Middle East.

    Just as oil demand was rebounding as COVID-19 lockdowns eased worldwide, pushing prices higher, Russia’s aggressive war against Ukraine set in, sending oil skyrocketing.

    However, last year, slowing economic activity brought on by rising interest rates and recession fears placed downward pressure on oil prices once again. In June 2023, OPEC members agreed to significantly cut output in July and to extend a broader deal to limit supply into 2024. In June this year, OPEC said supply cuts will continue through the year and into 2025.

    Aside from that, Israel’s war with Iranian proxies Hamas and Hezbollah and continuing Houthi attacks on tanker traffic in the Red Sea has oil market watchers looking for indications that the conflict may spread into oil-producing nations in the Middle East. These supply concerns have been tempered by slowing demand forecasts for China and slow growth in Venezuelan oil production.

    Oil market analysts remain bullish on the sector, seeing plenty of upside support for prices. According to OPEC, oil demand is projected to grow by 1.93 million barrels per day (bpd) in 2024 and by 1.64 million bpd in 2025.

    Given these and other recent market events, many investors are curious to know the top oil producing countries.

    Oil production by country

    Read on for a look at the 10 top oil producing countries, including the US, Saudi Arabia, Russia and Canada. The top 10 countries combined for 74.59 million bpd out of the total global output of 101.81 bpd in 2023.

    Statistics are from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) and include total production of petroleum and other liquids. It is the most current data at the time of publication.

    1. United States

    Production: 21.91 million barrels per day (includes crude oil and liquids)

    The US is the largest oil-producing country in the world, with output of 21.91 million barrels per day in 2023, taking the spot for the sixth year in a row. The US has been described as a swing producer because its production fluctuates alongside market prices. Texas leads the way as the biggest oil-producing state in the nation, with output more than three times as high as the second biggest oil-producing state, New Mexico.

    In addition to being the largest oil producer in the world, the US is a big consumer of oil. In 2023, the US consumed an average of 20.5 million barrels per day of petroleum products.

    In its October 2024 Short Term Energy Outlook, the EIA forecast that US crude oil production, including lease condensate, will come in at an average of 13.22 million barrels per day in 2024 and 13.54 million barrels per day the following year.

    2. Saudi Arabia

    Production: 11.13 million barrels per day (includes natural gas liquids)

    Saudi Arabia’s oil output came in at 11.13 million bpd in 2023. The country possesses 17 percent of the world’s proven petroleum reserves and is the largest petroleum exporter. Its oil and gas sector accounts for around 50 percent of its gross domestic product and about 85 percent of its export earnings.

    Saudi Arabia has played a key role in OPEC’s decisions to curb oil output in recent years. In 2022, the country’s US relations soured to the point that the country was unwilling to increase production in an effort to bring down rising gasoline prices.

    The Associated Press notes that ‘the Saudis need higher oil prices to fund ambitious plans by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to diversify the country’s economy away from fossil fuel exports.’

    However, there are signs that Saudi Arabia’s leader may be inclined to break with OPEC+ and increase its oil production. Some analysts are suggesting that the Crown Prince may be willing to deal with the economic pain of lower oil prices if it translates into a greater market share.

    3. Russia

    Production: 10.75 million barrels per day (includes natural gas liquids)

    Prior to production cuts in 2020, Russian oil output had spent a number of years rising; it came in at 10.75 million bpd in 2023. Most of Russia’s reserves are located in West Siberia, between the Ural Mountains and the Central Siberian Plateau, as well as in the Urals-Volga region, extending into the Caspian Sea. As a member of OPEC, Russia is also curbing its production in 2024.

    In response to Russia’s war in Ukraine, Canada, the US, the UK and Australia have banned imports of Russian oil, representing about 13 percent of Russia’s exports. In March 2022, the International Energy Agency (IEA) warned that Russia could be forced to cut 30 percent of its crude oil production, resulting in a serious global oil supply crisis. “The implications of a potential loss of Russian oil exports to global markets cannot be understated,” the IEA said at the time.

    While Russia’s oil exports rebounded to pre-war levels as early as April 2023 with heavy demand from China and India. However, Ukraine’s tactic of striking Russia’s key oil refineries in 2024 as a part of its defense strategy has reportedly impacted 17 percent of Russia’s oil refinery capacity as of July.

    4. Canada

    Production: 5.76 million barrels per day

    Next on this list of the top 10 oil-producing nations is Canada. Canada’s annual oil production rose by about 10,000 bpd from the previous year to 5.76 million bpd in 2023.

    Nearly all of Canada’s proven oil reserves are located in Alberta, and according to the province’s government, 97 percent of oil reserves there are in the form of oil sands. The vast majority of Canada’s total energy exports are to the USA. In fact, in 2023, 60 percent of US crude imports originated from Canada compared to 33 percent in 2013.

    However, because of economic and political considerations, Canada is developing ways to diversify its trading partners, especially by expanding ties with emerging markets in Asia. For this year, all eyes are on the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion in Western Canada, which was finally completed and operational as of May 1.

    5. China

    Production: 5.26 million barrels per day

    China’s annual oil output was 5.26 million barrels per day in 2023. The nation is the world’s second largest consumer of oil and moved from being the second largest net importer of oil to the largest in 2014.

    China is the world’s most populous country and has a rapidly growing economy, factors that have driven its high overall energy demand. The Asian country is the top consumer of oil, with the majority its imports coming from OPEC member countries Russia, Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Unsurprisingly, Chinese demand can strongly influence the oil market.

    However, its oil production in 2024 is in decline. As of September, China’s oil refinery output fell for the sixth straight month, Reuters reported. Recent new discoveries look difficult to develop at the same time that production out of mature fields is falling.

    In early July, the Chinese government announced the establishment of a new state-controlled body to coordinate collaboration between national oil producers and other state entities to extract harder to reach oil and gas reserves and more difficult non-conventional sources.

    6. Iraq

    Production: 4.42 million barrels per day

    Still the second-largest oil producer in OPEC, Iraq’s annual oil production declined from 4.55 million bpd in 2022 to 4.42 million bpd for 2023.

    Iraq holds 145.02 billion barrels of proven oil reserves based on 2023 OPEC data, representing 11.7 percent of global reserves. The nation’s capacity to boost production has been constrained by infrastructure and export bottlenecks. Reuters reported in early August that the Iraqi government and energy giant BP (LSE:BP,NYSE:BP) have signed a preliminary agreement to develop four oil and gas fields in the country’s northern Kirkuk region.

    7. Brazil

    Production: 4.28 million barrels per day

    According to the IEA, total primary energy consumption in Brazil has nearly doubled in the past decade due to sustained economic growth. The largest share of Brazil’s total energy consumption is oil and other liquid fuels, followed by hydroelectricity and natural gas.

    Brazil is reportedly on track to become the world’s fourth largest oil producer in the coming years. In 2024, the country’s oil output is expected to contribute significantly to global oil supply growth. The country’s top oil producer, Petrobras, is making efforts to extract as much oil as it can from its existing fields while searching for new deposits, BNN Bloomberg reported in October.

    8. United Arab Emirates

    Production: 4.16 million barrels per day

    The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is another OPEC member and has ranked among the world’s top 10 oil-producing countries for decades. In 2023, it saw a slight drop in production on OPEC production cuts. The country has proven oil reserves of 111 billion barrels, with most of those reserves located in Abu Dhabi.

    The Abu Dhabi National Oil Company upped its crude oil output capacity to 4.85 million bpd in early May 2024 and has a planned target of 5 million bpd by 2027. However, its production was limited to 2.91 bpd of crude oil in the first half of 2024

    The National Bank of Kuwait is forecasting that the UAE’s oil production will increase by 7.8 percent next year to reach 3.4 million barrels per day by the end of 2025.

    9. Iran

    Production: 3.99 million barrels per day

    Iran ranks ninth in the world for oil production, and its total oil output grew from 3.66 million bpd in 2022 to 3.99 million barrels per day in 2023. According to the EIA, Iran holds the world’s third largest proven oil reserves, as well as the world’s second largest natural gas reserves. The majority of its 1.3 million bpd in oil exports last year went to Asia.

    US sanctions and regional disputes have all weighed on Iran’s energy production sector. Despite its abundant reserves, Iran’s total oil production is still far below the 4.78 million bpd the country produced back in 2017. However, in May 2024 Iran’s crude oil and gas condensate exports reportedly reached 1.7 million barrels per day, representing a 5 year high.

    As of October 2024, there are slight concerns a wider escalation of its ongoing conflict with Israel could lead to attacks on Iran’s oil infrastructure. The US recently imposed further sanctions on Iran in response to its attacks on Israel.

    10. Kuwait

    Production: 2.91 million barrels per day

    Last on this list of the top 10 oil-producing countries is Kuwait, which produced 2.91 million barrels per day in 2023. The country has struggled in recent years to bring its oil output back up to 3.5 million bpd, with reports that key infrastructure projects have been delayed by internal political strife.

    Kuwait’s oil and gas sector accounts for about 50 percent of the country’s GDP, and an even larger share of its export revenues at around 90 percent. New oil discoveries have given the country hope of increasing its oil output in the coming years. As of October 2024, Kuwait is reportedly preparing to open bidding for oil field development projects.

    FAQs for oil investing

    What is crude oil?

    Crude oil is a naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials that exists in liquid form in underground reservoirs. This raw natural resource is a globally important commodity that can be traded both on the spot market and via derivatives contracts.

    What is crude oil used for?

    Once extracted from the Earth, crude oil is refined to make several products, including gasoline, jet fuel and other petroleum products such as kerosene, paraffin, petrochemical feedstocks, solvents and lubricants.

    What country uses the most oil?

    The US is by far the world’s largest oil consumer, using about the same amount of the fossil fuel as the next three largest oil consumers (China, India and Japan) combined.

    How many years of oil are left?

    The question of peak oil is a prominent one. However, it is difficult to correctly determine the exact amount of oil left to be extracted in the world, or to accurately predict the level of demand for the energy fuel over the coming years. New technologies may yet unlock future resources, or economic events may lead to serious shocks in demand.

    That being said, based on current known reserve estimates and best-case demand scenarios, roughly 47 years of oil are currently thought to be left. However, that has been the prediction for decades now as it is calculated by dividing the current known reserves by the annual global demand. As new oil discoveries and development are consistently replacing consumed reserves, that approximate 50-year time frame has remained the same.

    What is OPEC?

    Founded in 1960, OPEC, or the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, is a group of 12 countries headquartered in Vienna, Austria. Led by Saudi Arabia, it controls production, supply and pricing in the global petroleum market.

    OPEC was created at the Baghdad Conference in 1960, with the five founding members Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. Its mission statement is as follows:

    “To co-ordinate and unify petroleum policies among member countries, in order to secure fair and stable prices for petroleum producers; an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consuming nations; and a fair return on capital to those investing in the industry.”

    Currently OPEC has 12 member nations: Algeria, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.

    Where does Canada get its oil?

    While Canada ranks fourth in annual production, the country still imports a large amount of oil annually from countries such as the US, Saudi Arabia, Russia, the UK, Azerbaijan, Nigeria and Côte d’Ivoire. It is estimated that half of the oil used in Québec and Atlantic Canada is purchased offshore. Canada spent roughly C$19.5 billion on oil imports in 2023.

    Where does the US get its oil?

    The US is the top producer of oil, according to the IEA, but the nation sources oil from as many as 80 countries around the globe. The top five sources of foreign oil for the US are Canada, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Brazil.

    Why does the US import oil?

    Although the US is the world’s largest oil producer, its domestic oil consumption far outpaces its homegrown output. To meet its own oil demand, the US must rely on oil imports from countries. In March 2022, the US government announced a ban on imports of oil, liquefied natural gas and coal from Russia in response to the invasion of Ukraine.

    Why was US oil production down in 2022?

    In September 2022, Bloomberg reported that US oil production was down because the country’s shale producers were prioritizing dividend payouts to shareholders rather than investing record profits from surging oil prices into growing their production capacity. This trend began to abate in 2023, and the EIA reported a new annual output record for the year.

    How much oil does the US have in reserve in 2024?

    According to the most recent data from the EIA, US crude oil and lease condensate proved reserves stood at 48.3 billion barrels at year-end 2022.

    Who is the largest supplier of oil to Europe?

    In 2022, the US replaced Russia as the largest supplier of oil to Europe, and it remains the largest supplier of oil to the EU as of Q2 2024. Since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, European Union countries have dramatically cut their imports of Russian oil in favor of US oil imports. Norway and Kazakhstan are also major oil suppliers for the region.

    Who uses the most oil in Europe?

    Germany is the largest oil-consuming nation in Europe, and the 10th largest in the world. Despite its seemingly strong stance on climate action, Germany is responsible for about 20 percent of all oil consumption in the region and is heavily dependent on oil imports.

    Why can’t Venezuela produce oil?

    Venezuela’s oil industry has been suffering under the weight of political instability, government corruption and US sanctions. “The national oil company PDVSA is incapable of mustering the immense amounts of capital required to rebuild Venezuela’s heavily corroded energy infrastructure,” as per Matthew Smith, OilPrice.com’s Latin America correspondent.

    Venezuela’s oil production saw a rebound in 2023’s fourth quarter as the Biden administration eased US sanctions on the promise of fair elections in 2024. However, the US reimposed those sanctions in April 2024 following Maduro’s failure to honor election promises.

    Securities Disclosure: I, Melissa Pistilli, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.

    This post appeared first on investingnews.com

    Natural gas is an important energy fuel, even as the world transitions to a carbon-free economy. When investing in this industry, it’s key to know the ins and outs of natural gas production by country.

    Global natural gas production increased slightly in 2023 to 4.05 trillion cubic meters, up from 4.04 trillion cubic meters in 2022, according to the Energy Institute.

    The United States registered a 4.2 percent uptick in natural gas production in 2023, while Russia’s natural gas production fell by 5.2 percent during the period on lower exports to Europe.

    Although the country is still the world’s second largest natural gas producer and the second largest exporter of the fuel, the EU is looking to phase out Russia-sourced natural gas by 2027 due to the country’s war with Ukraine. The EU reports that Russia only supplied 14 percent of its member countries’ natural gas requirements in 2023, down from 45 percent in 2021. For its part, Russia has pivoted its energy export trade to the east, with China and India propping up its natural gas export market.

    Conversely, global natural gas demand grew by a modest 0.5 percent in 2023, as increases in China, North America, Africa and the Middle East were partially offset by declines elsewhere.

    China’s continued pandemic recovery positioned the nation as the world’s largest LNG importer, with a 7.2 percent rise in natural gas demand.

    In contrast, Europe saw a 6.9 percent drop in natural gas consumption, reaching its lowest level since 1994. This decline was driven by the rapid growth of renewables and increased nuclear power availability, which reduced the need for natural gas and pushed prices lower.

    Read on for a look at the top 10 natural gas-producing countries in 2023 based on data from the Energy Institute.

    1. United States

    Production: 1.35 trillion cubic meters

    The US is by far the largest producer of natural gas in the world, representing nearly a quarter of global natural gas production. Its output has increased by more than 350 billion cubic meters in the past decade owing to the increasing cost of coal, and advancements in extraction technology such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking.

    In addition to being a major natural gas producer, the US is also the biggest consumer of the fuel. In 2023, US demand for natural gas totaled 886.5 billion cubic meters, primarily for home heating and generating electricity. In the first half of 2022, Reuters reported that the US became the world’s largest exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG) as the country increased shipments to Europe due to Russia’s war in Ukraine, and it continues to hold that title.

    In 2023, the Appalachia region led US natural gas production, contributing 29 percent of the total output. However, production growth has been hampered by limited pipeline capacity, restricting the transport of gas to demand markets.

    For the first seven months of 2024, the US exported 4.42 billion cubic meters of natural gas, a 3.3 percent increase from 2023’s 4.34 billion cubic meters, and 7.5 percent more than 2022’s 4.12 billion cubic meters.

    High international demand and steady domestic consumption growth will keep the US a net exporter of petroleum products and natural gas through 2050. Despite the shift to renewable electricity generation, US natural gas production is expected to rise due to increased international demand for liquefied natural gas, according to the US Energy Information Administration’s Annual Energy Outlook 2023.

    2. Russia

    Production: 586.4 billion cubic meters

    As the second largest exporter and the next largest producer of natural gas in the world, Russia also holds the biggest-known natural gas reserves on the planet. The country’s state-owned energy group Gazprom reportedly holds a 16.3 percent share of global natural gas reserves. Novatek is another of the country’s main gas producers.

    “Historically, production was concentrated in West Siberia, but investment has shifted in the past decade to Yamal and Eastern Siberia and the Far East, as well as the offshore Arctic,” according to the International Energy Agency.

    Europe’s rejection of Russian natural gas products led to a 41 percent decline in revenues for the country’s producers in the first three quarters of 2023, reported Reuters.

    Despite the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the latter has remained a crucial corridor for Russian natural gas into the EU. In September 2024, Russian natural gas exports that traveled through Ukraine totaled 1.26 billion cubic meters.

    However, this is likely to change next year as Ukraine announced plans to end its Russian gas transit agreement, a move that analysts expect will intensify the energy tensions between the two countries.

    When the current agreement expires at the end of 2024, the major route through which Russian natural gas flows to Europe will be cut off, potentially disrupting supply chains and raising concerns over energy security across the region.

    3. Iran

    Production: 251.7 billion cubic meters

    Iran is the third largest natural gas-producing country, representing about 6 percent of global output. The Middle Eastern nation ranks second in terms of natural gas reserves. However, its natural gas infrastructure is far behind the top two natural gas producers.

    Iran has tripled its natural gas production in the past decade, becoming the Middle East’s largest producer. Iran and Qatar share the world’s largest natural gas field. Iran’s portion is known as South Pars and Qatar’s, North Dome.

    Iran plans to boost its production capacity by 30 percent within five years, supported by an US$80 billion investment in its gas fields, according to the nation’s Oil Minister Javad Owji. However, Qatar’s expansion of liquefied natural gas production in North Dome poses a challenge to Iran’s output ambitions.

    Turkey and Iraq are major importers of Iranian natural gas, while Turkmenistan and Armenia have swap deals with Iran.

    In early October, Iran and Russia signed a long-term natural gas supply deal, with Russia’s Gazprom committing to supply 109 billion cubic meters of gas to Iran annually. The agreement will boost Iran’s gas capacities, and the country plans to use the gas domestically and for re-export to countries like Turkey, Pakistan and Iraq.

    The deal could also enhance regional energy security and counter the impact of sanctions such as the US ones on Iran’s energy sector.

    4. China

    Production: 234.3 billion cubic meters

    In recent years, China’s government has incentivized the transition from coal to natural gas to reduce air pollution and meet emissions targets. Since 2013, natural gas production in China has grown by 92.3 percent, from 121.8 billion cubic meters in 2013 to 234.3 billion cubic meters in 2023, an all-time record.

    China still relies on imports to meet about half of its demand. Australia, Turkmenistan, the US, Malaysia, Russia and Qatar are some of its biggest providers.

    “In March 2022, China’s government released its 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25), which sets the domestic natural gas production target at 22.3 (billion cubic feet per day) by 2025, or 3.0 (billion cubic feet per day) more than domestic production in 2021,” according to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA).

    Unconventional gas sources such as shale, coal-bed methane and natural gas hydrates accounts for an estimated 43 percent of China’s total gas output.

    Noted in a September Bloomberg report, China has significantly increased its underground natural gas storage ahead of winter, reflecting preparation for both peak demand and possibly reduced consumption due to a slowing economy.

    The well-stocked reserves, combined with expanded storage facilities, could cushion against harsh winter conditions, but a mild season may reduce imports, especially costly liquefied natural gas spot purchases.

    China’s increased domestic gas production, long-term LNG contracts and a sluggish economy, combined with expanding renewable energy, challenge future gas demand growth.

    5. Canada

    Production: 190.3 billion cubic meters

    Canada holds 83 trillion cubic feet of proved natural gas reserves, and the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) is the prime source of the majority of Canada’s natural gas production. In addition to the WCSB, offshore fields near Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, the Arctic region and the Pacific coast hold significant natural gas reserves.

    Canada is also a top natural gas exporter, relying exclusively on pipelines, with the US as its only trading partner. In 2022, 99 percent of all US natural gas imports came from its neighbor to the north. The fact that Canada lacks LNG infrastructure makes it an unlikely potential source for meeting Europe’s natural gas needs in lieu of Russia.

    According to the data from the Government of Canada, natural gas production rose in 2023, averaging 17.9 billion cubic feet per day. In December, output hit 18.8 billion cubic feet per day. Notably, production levels exceeded 18 billion cubic feet per day for eight of the 12 months.

    In mid-September, LNG Canada provided an update on the LNG Canada project and the Coastal GasLink pipeline, which LNG Canada CEO Jason Klein said is now 95 percent complete.

    Once finished, the pipeline will be used to export Canadian natural gas to Asian markets, “putting Canada on the global map of LNG exporting countries and creating a world-leading LNG industry in British Columbia and Canada.”

    First shipments are scheduled for mid-2025.

    6. Qatar

    Production: 181 billion cubic meters

    Qatar is the sixth largest natural gas producer and hosts the third largest proved natural gas reserves in the world. The majority of its reserves are located in the world’s largest natural gas field, the offshore North Field, which it shares with Iran.

    The Middle Eastern country also ranks as the third largest natural gas exporter and is third in the world in LNG exports as of October 2023. In recent years, Qatar has made moves to capitalize further on its resources in an effort to expand its footprint in the international natural gas market. Statista reports that state-owned Qatar Petroleum is looking “to increase its LNG export market to compete with Russian LNG deliveries.”

    In early 2024 Qatar unveiled plans to increase production from the world’s largest natural gas field, aiming to raise capacity to 142 million metric tons per annum by 2030.

    The North Field expansion, referred to as North Field West, is anticipated to contribute an additional 16 million metric tons of liquefied natural gas annually to the existing expansion efforts.

    7. Australia

    Production: 151.7 billion cubic meters

    Since 2009, Australia has added 113 billion cubic meters of natural gas production. Nearly all of Australia’s natural gas resources are located in the massive gas fields on the North West Shelf, “providing feedstock to seven LNG projects.”

    Australia’s LNG exports have grown exponentially over the past decade as several new production facilities have come online. Today, Australia has the second largest operating LNG export capacity in the world.

    In late 2023, major Australian energy company Santos said it expects a decline in its natural gas production for 2024 as its Bayu-Undan offshore gas field in the Timor Sea is nearing depletion.

    The federal government released its Australia’s Future Gas Strategy in May 2024. The initiative focuses on ensuring energy security and supporting the transition to net-zero by 2050 by boosting natural gas production. The government plan highlights the need for new gas supplies to prevent shortages by 2028 on the east coast and 2030 on the west coast.

    While supportive of the plan, Australia’s energy producers have raised concerns of potential gas supply shortfalls by the end of the decade amid global market volatility.

    Meg O’Neill, chair of Australian Energy Producers, highlighted that without action, Australia’s east and west coasts could face shortages by 2028 and 2030, respectively, which could drive up energy prices.

    8. Norway

    Production: 116.6 billion cubic meters

    Norway is the world’s eighth largest natural gas producer and third largest natural gas exporter. The Scandinavian country has understandably replaced Russia as the major supplier to the European natural gas market. In 2023, Norway reportedly accounted for 30.3 percent of natural gas supplied to the EU.

    Norway’s natural gas companies have ramped up production in response to increased demand, and in mid-2023 the government gave the green light to 19 oil and gas extraction projects in the country.

    In early 2024, some concern arose that the industry may face headwinds from a proposal by a climate change committee to temporarily suspend new licenses while the government decides on a climate strategy. However, in May the government offered licenses for 37 new blocks and emphasized the industry’s importance to Norway and Europe.

    Near-term gas production is forecasted to contract slightly in 2025 according to the Norwegian Budget Bill released in early October. The country’s natural gas output is expected to decline by 1.6 percent, from 123 billion cubic meters in 2024 to 121 billion cubic meters in 2025.

    9. Saudi Arabia

    Production: 114.1 billion cubic meters

    The ninth largest natural gas-producing country, Saudi Arabia has seen its output steadily increase since 2013, reaching a record 116.7 billion cubic meters in 2022.

    Mordor Intelligence reports that this production growth was due in large part to increased development of standalone natural gas wells. State-run Saudi Aramco has awarded contracts to energy companies looking to develop the country’s largest unconventional gas field, Jafurah, located near the Persian Gulf.

    Currently the country does not export its natural gas production; however, the government plans to begin natural gas exports by 2030. According to the EIA, Saudi Arabia is working to replace “crude oil, fuel oil, and diesel-powered electric generators with natural gas and renewable energy generation by 2030, which will likely increase domestic natural gas demand.”

    In late 2023, Saudi Arabia began investing in the LNG market with Saudi Aramco buying a stake in MidOcean Energy, which is set to acquire interests in four Australian LNG projects. In July 2024, Aramco awarded contracts worth US$12.6 billion to expand production in the Jafurah field.

    10. Algeria

    Production: 101.5 billion cubic meters

    Rounding out the top 10 natural gas-producing countries is Algeria, which produced 101.5 billion cubic meters of natural gas in 2023. The country’s output increased year-over-year from 97.6 billion cubic meters in 2022.

    Algeria has the fifth largest LNG export capacity in the world. In 2022, nearly 85 percent of the country’s exports went to feed Europe’s natural gas demand. Italy signed an agreement with Algeria last year to increase the amount of natural gas it imports from the North African country.

    From 2023 to 2028, the Algerian government expects to see its natural gas production increase by 1.4 percent annually.

    In late May, Algeria signed two key hydrocarbon deals with US firms ExxonMobil (NYSE:XON) and Baker Hughes (NASDAQ:BKR) to boost its natural gas production and enhance exports to Europe. This comes as European nations seek alternatives to Russian gas amid rising demand.

    FAQs for gas investing

    What is natural gas made of and how is it formed?

    Natural gas is a mixture of methane and other naturally occurring gases. As fossil fuels, both crude oil and natural gas are formed via the same geological process. It isn’t surprising then that the two materials are often found together. Natural gas is the product of ancient decomposed organic matter that mixed with sediment, became buried and was subject to immense pressure and heat over millions of years.

    How is natural gas produced?

    Natural gas is extracted via wells drilled into subsurface rock formations, or via hydraulic fracturing or ‘fracking’ technology from shale formations. Following extraction, natural gas is separated from other liquids, including oil, hydrocarbon condensate and water. This separated gas then needs to be further processed to meet specific requirements for end-use quality and safe pipeline transmission.

    What is natural gas used for?

    Natural gas is well known as a fuel for heating, generating electricity and powering vehicles. However, it’s also used to manufacture various products, such as vinyl flooring, carpeting, Aspirin and artificial limbs; in addition, it’s a key component in the production of ammonia.

    Is natural gas a clean energy?

    According to the EIA, burning natural gas for power emits fewer greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants than other fossil fuels, since it burns more easily and contains fewer impurities. The EIA also notes that natural gas produces less carbon dioxide per equivalent amount of heat production.

    Is natural gas cleaner than coal?

    Although natural gas is a fossil fuel and was formed under the same conditions, it is often pegged as a ‘cleaner’ energy option than coal or oil. The EIA states that, ‘burning natural gas for energy results in fewer emissions of nearly all types of air pollutants and carbon dioxide than burning coal or petroleum products to produce an equal amount of energy.’

    How much natural gas is left in the world?

    Natural gas is not an infinite, renewable resource; however, its hard to determine how many untapped sources are left in the world. According to one estimate, natural gas reserves are sufficient to last another 53 years at current consumption rates. That figure doesn’t take into account known natural gas resources under development or those yet to be discovered in underexplored regions.

    How did the Ukraine war affect gas?

    Russia was a leading supplier of natural gas to Europe prior to the country’s invasion of Ukraine, representing about 40 percent of the region’s supply. As a result of the war, energy prices shot up both in Europe and globally. According to S&P Global, the war has “accelerated” the globalization of the natural gas market as Europe turns to LNG. In the midst of this changing landscape, the US has become the world’s largest exporter of LNG as it stepped up shipments to Europe.

    Can Europe survive without Russian gas?

    The EU is working to phase out Russian natural gas exports by 2027. The growing global LNG market allows flexibility for European countries looking to source natural gas supply from producers as close to home as Norway (Europe’s biggest gas supplier), other major natural gas suppliers in North Africa or from the world’s largest natural gas producer, the US.

    Securities Disclosure: I, Georgia Williams, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.

    This post appeared first on investingnews.com

    Gold is considered an important part of any investment portfolio, and gold stocks can offer investors exposure to the market without needing to actually hold any physical gold. But investing in gold-focused companies requires due diligence, as well as an understanding of the factors that can bring these entities success.

    Understanding gold deposit types is one place to start. Given their reputation for containing high-grade gold, most investors will have heard of Carlin-style gold deposits; however, they may not be familiar with intrusion-related gold systems. These gold deposits are lower grade, but their large tonnage makes them some of the most productive assets in the world. That means they can be highly attractive prospects for gold-focused companies.

    Intrusion-related gold systems were first identified more than three decades ago, and in the time since then their defining characteristics have been debated by geologists. This has led to the acceptance of an important distinction between oxidized intrusion-related gold deposits and reduced intrusion-related gold deposits; even so, the reclassification of some deposits as intrusion-related remains controversial among experts.

    What is an oxidized intrusion-related gold deposit?

    Oxidized intrusion-related gold deposits are hosted in a stockwork of quartz veinlets occurring within oxidized porphyry stocks in magmatic arcs. Copper-rich skarns and high-sulfidation epithermal systems are also found near these porphyry intrusions.

    “The oxidized intrusion-related gold systems are all directly associated with porphyry copper systems in one way or another, so their tectonic settings are the same,” according to Chris Ralph, mining engineer and associate editor at the ICMJ Prospecting and Mining Journal. The gold-copper ratios in intrusion-related gold deposits can vary widely.

    These polymetallic deposit types are found in gold-rich zones in the Australian provinces of Victoria, Queensland and New South Wales, as well as Canada’s Abitibi Greenstone Belt, which crosses the provinces of Ontario and Québec. As for mines and projects in these zones, Australian examples include the former Kidston and Red Dome gold mines in Queensland, and Abitibi examples include IAMGOLD’s (TSX:IMG,NYSE:IAG) Côté gold-copper deposit and Agnico Eagle’s (NYSE:AEM,TSX:AEM) Macassa gold mine. Both demonstrate that these systems can host economically significant gold mineralization.

    Oxidized intrusion-related gold exploration projects

            What is a reduced intrusion-related gold deposit?

            The terms “reduced” and “intrusion” in this deposit type’s moniker relate to the existence of “reduced granitic intrusions … characterized by large zones of parallel, sheeted, gold-bearing quartz veins and veinlets,” as per ICMJ’s Ralph.

            It’s the size of this sheeted zone that determines whether or not a bulk-tonnage, low-grade gold deposit will form. Such a deposit can be mined by open-pit methods. The sheeted vein systems typically host coarse gold, which when eroded by local streams can generate placer deposits. In addition, tin and tungsten deposits may be found in the same geological setting.

            The Tintina Gold Belt that covers the northern portion of the North American Cordillera is a favorable geological address for reduced intrusion-related gold deposits. Ralph pointed to Barrick Gold (NYSE:GOLD,TSX:ABX) and NovaGold’s (TSXV:NG,NYSEAMERICAN:NG) Donlin asset, Kinross Gold’s (TSX:K,NYSE:KGC) Fort Knox property in Alaska and the Dublin Gulch intrusion in Canada’s Yukon territory as prime examples. “The huge Donlin Creek deposit in Alaska was a small, moderately productive placer area until the huge hard rock deposits adjoining them were recognized,” he stated.

            The Tombstone Gold Belt that spans from Alaska through the Yukon into the Northwest Territories is another prominent region for companies hunting for reduced intrusion-related gold.

            Reduced intrusion-related gold exploration projects

                    Securities Disclosure: I, Giann Liguid, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.

                    This post appeared first on investingnews.com