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Global lithium stocks and the lithium market faced a turbulent 2024, marked by oversupply, softer-than-expected electric vehicle (EV) demand and geopolitical tensions that reshaped the industry.

Prices for lithium carbonate plummeted 22 percent over the year, driven by a global supply glut and weaker demand outside of China.

Amid this challenging landscape, mergers and acquisitions surged. The year started out with the completion of the merger between Livent and Allkem that birthed Arcadium Lithium (NYSE:ALTM,ASX:LTM), and in October Rio Tinto (ASX:RIO,NYSE:RIO,LSE:RIO) announced its acquisition of Arcadium.

Meanwhile, EV demand rebounded late in the year, led by record sales in China, even as geopolitical uncertainty, tariffs and policy shifts added to market volatility.

Even against this backdrop, some lithium stocks performed strongly. The lists of top lithium stocks below were generated using TradingView’s stock screener, and all lithium stocks had market caps above $50 million in their respective currencies when data was gathered.

Data for Canadian stocks was collected on December 27, 2024, and data for Australian stocks was gathered on December 31, 2024. While US lithium companies were considered for the list, none were up year-to-date at the time data was gathered.

Top Canadian lithium stocks

1. Q2 Metals (TSXV:QTWO)

Press ReleasesCompany Profile

Year-to-date gain: 220 percent
Market cap: C$106.11 million
Share price: C$0.80

Exploration firm Q2 Metals is exploring its flagship Mia lithium property in the Eeyou Istchee James Bay region of Québec, Canada. The property contains the Mia trend, which spans over 10 kilometers. Also included in Q2 Metals’ portfolio is the Stellar lithium property, comprised of 77 claims and located 6 kilometers north of the Mia property.

In 2024, Q2 Metals also focused on exploring the Cisco lithium property, which is situated in the same region. On February 29, the company entered into three separate option agreements to gain a 100 percent interest in Cisco. The news caused its share price to skyrocket, reaching a Q1 high of C$0.54 on March 4.

Q2 Metals closed the acquisition of Cisco in June and now wholly owns the project.

In mid-May, the company announced the start of a summer drill program at the Cisco property. It has since released multiple significant updates, including the confirmation of eight new mineralized zones on July 8.

On October 1, Q2 released assays from the drill program, and its share price spiked on the news, ultimately climbing to an all-time high of C$1.48 on October 11.

“These assays continue to validate the potential and scale of the Cisco Property as that of a larger mineralized system,” said Neil McCallum, vice president of exploration. “One important observation of these results is the higher-grade nature of the larger mineralized system as we test and track the system progressing to the south.”

By the end of the drill program, the company had drilled 17 holes covering 6,360 meters in total, and it released the final results from the campaign on December 17.

As of mid-December, Q2 now has the exclusive right to acquire a 100 percent interest in 545 additional mineral claims, which would triple its land position at the Cisco lithium property. The new claims, located south of the original property, enhance prospects for development and future mining infrastructure.

2. Power Metals (TSXV:PWM)

Company Profile

Year-to-date gains: 73.08 percent
Market cap: C$67.57 million
Share price: C$0.45

Exploration company Power Metals holds a portfolio of diversified assets in Ontario and Québec, Canada.

In late February, Power Metals commenced a winter drill program at its Case Lake property in Northeastern Ontario. The program was designed to expand and define lithium-cesium-tantalum (LCT) mineralization, building on previous work that revealed high-grade lithium and cesium mineralization.

Company shares rose to an H1 high of C$0.47 at the end of March coinciding with news that Power Metals had staked the 7,000 hectare Pelletier project, consisting of 337 mineral claims in Northeast Ontario. According to the company, the project features LCT potential, with peraluminous S-type pegmatitic granites intruding into metasedimentary and amphibolite formations.

During Q4, Power Metals identified a new pegmatite zone at Case Lake through soil sampling. The samples from the zone, located north-northwest of its West Joe prospect, revealed elevated levels of cesium, tantalum, lithium and rubidium, highlighting promising drill targets for the winter program.

The company has also launched its Phase 2 drone magnetic survey, to refine its structural model for critical mineral targets at West Joe and the Main Zone ahead of 2025 exploration efforts.

In a December 10 exploration update, Power Metals disclosed that its partner Black Diamond Drilling, a First Nations owned drilling company, had completed a total of 16 drill holes for 971 meters of the planned 2,000 meter program. Environmental studies are also ongoing.

Shares rose over the following week to a year-to-date high of C$0.49 on December 16.

3. Lithium Chile (TSXV:LITH)

Company Profile

Year-to-date gains: 45.28 percent
Market cap: C$163 million
Share price: C$0.77

South America-focused Lithium Chile owns several lithium land packages in Chile and Argentina, including its Salar de Arizaro property in Argentina.

On April 9, Lithium Chile announced a 24 percent increase in the resource estimate for Salar de Arizaro. The new total for the project is 4.12 million metric tons (MT) of lithium carbonate equivalent, categorized as follows: 261,000 MT in the measured category, 2.24 million MT in the indicated category and 1.62 million MT in the inferred category.

Not long after, on April 18, the company reported the creation of two wholly owned Canadian subsidiaries — Lithium Chile 2.0 and Kairos Gold — as part of a spinout to separate its Chilean and Argentinian assets.

Lithium Chile will retain its Argentinian lithium projects, and transfer its 111,978 hectares of Chilean lithium properties to Lithium Chile 2.0 and its portfolio of gold assets in Chile to Kairos Gold.

In a July operational update for the Salar de Arizaro project the company highlighted that a drill hole encountered ‘a brine-rich, sandy formation encountered from 161 to 500-metres.’

An August announcement provided an update, noting the spin out of Lithium Chile 2.0 was reliant on finalizing a strategic deal for the company’s Arizaro property. As for Kairos Gold, its spin out was effective on December 4.

In mid-December, Lithium Chile penned a letter of intent to sell its 80 percent stake of the Argentinian Arizaro lithium project.

While Lithium Chile did not disclose the buyer it was noted that the buyer “is a large, Asian based company founded over two decades ago (and) a diversified enterprise with significant interests in mining, renewable energy, and technology sectors.”

The move to sell its flagship asset signals a significant step in the company’s strategic realignment. Although company shares reached a year-to-date high of C$0.88 in March, the recent sale news has pushed shares into the C$0.80 level.

Top Australian lithium stocks

1. Vulcan Energy Resources (ASX:VUL)

Company Profile

Year-to-date gain: 84.48 percent
Market cap: AU$1.19 billion
Share price: AU$5.35

Europe-focused Vulcan Energy Resources aims to support a carbon-neutral future by producing lithium and renewable energy from geothermal brine. The company is currently developing the Zero Carbon lithium project in Germany’s Upper Rhine Valley. Vulcan is utilizing a proprietary alumina-based adsorbent-type DLE process to produce lithium with an end goal of supplying sustainable lithium for the European EV market.

On April 11, Vulcan announced the commencement of lithium chloride production at its lithium extraction optimisation plant in Germany. According to the company, the milestone marks the first lithium chemical production in Europe using local supply. The plant consistently exhibited over 90 percent lithium extraction efficiency.

The company already has binding lithium offtake agreements in place with major automakers and battery manufacturers, and expects to supply enough lithium for 500,000 EVs during the first phase of production.

During the third quarter, Vulcan received its first licences for lithium and geothermal exploration in Alsace, France. The permits cover 463 square kilometres, expanding Vulcan’s total licenced area in the Upper Rhine Valley to 2,234 square kilometres across France and Germany.

In early August, Vulcan began commissioning its downstream lithium hydroxide optimisation plant (CLEOP) near Frankfurt, Germany, which will process the lithium chloride concentrate from its DLE plant.

A mid-October release from Vulcan outlines a memorandum of understanding with industrial software designer AVEVA. The partnership will see AVEVA build a digital framework for Vulcan’s Zero Carbon lithium project.

Also in October, the company earned S&P Global’s highest ‘dark green’ sustainability rating, a first for the mining sector, under its Green Financing Framework.

On November 8, Vulcan announced it had commenced lithium hydroxide production at CLEOP. The milestone coincided with an AU$162 million funding infusion from Germany’s Federal Ministry of Economics and Climate Protection and the European Recovery and Resilience Facility.

To end the year, Vulcan announced the signing of a AU$1.45 billion conditional debt commitment letter with Export Finance Australia and a group of seven commercial banks.

2. Ioneer (ASX:INR)

Company Profile

Year-to-date gain: 6.67 percent
Market cap: AU$353.35 million
Share price: AU$0.16

Australia-listed Ioneer owns the Rhyolite Ridge lithium-boron project in Nevada, US. The project is considered the “sole lithium-boron deposit in North America.”

As part of the permitting process for the Rhyolite Ridge project, Ioneer completed and submitted the administrative draft environmental impact statement (EIS) to the US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in mid-January. In mid-September, Ioneer announced that the BLM published the final EIS, moving the company closer to construction.

The comprehensive review process addressed environmental concerns, particularly regarding the protection of the endangered Tiehm’s buckwheat plant found at the site. Ioneer has committed to measures aimed at safeguarding the plant’s habitat.

In October, Ioneer secured final federal approval for its Rhyolite Ridge project, marking the first US lithium mine authorized under the Biden administration.

Rhyolite Ridge is projected to produce sufficient lithium for approximately 370,000 electric vehicle batteries annually. Construction is slated to commence in 2025, with production expected by 2028.

Ioneer saw its shares reach a 2024 high of AU$0.31 on October 28.

3. Prospect Resources (ASX:PSC)

Company Profile

Year-to-date gain: 2.25 percent
Market cap: AU$52.03 million
Share price: AU$0.09

Africa-focused exploration company Prospect Resources holds a diversified portfolio of assets in Zimbabwe, Zambia and Namibia. The company’s lithium prospects, Omaruru and Step Aside, are in Namibia and Zimbabwe respectively.

In late June, Prospect released an update on its exploration activities, reporting strong assay results from Phase 4 diamond drilling at the Step Aside lithium project in Zimbabwe and follow-up Phase 2 drilling at the Omaruru lithium project.

In the statement, Managing Director Sam Hosack highlighted the significant mineralization potential at both projects.

Moving forward, Prospect plans to slow down spending at its lithium projects as it turns to its newly acquired Mumbezhi copper project in Zambia. The company believes it can monetize Step Aside in the near term to aid in this goal.

In its June quarterly results, Prospect noted the completion of drilling and fieldwork for the Phase 4 diamond drilling program at the Step Aside lithium project in Zimbabwe, with no further exploration planned. The project is being prepared for sale to help fund the Mumbezhi copper project.

Meanwhile, Phase 2 drilling at the Omaruru lithium project is complete, and the company has reduced spending to holding costs as focus shifts to the Mumbezhi project.

In its September quarterly report, the company noted it was discontinuing its Bikita Gem earn-in project in Southeastern Zimbabwe after drilling results failed to identify economically viable volumes of petalite-rich lithium mineralization.

Shares of Prospect registered a 2024 high on May 28, when shares were trading for AU$0.21.

FAQs for investing in lithium

How much lithium is on Earth?

While we don’t know how much total lithium is on Earth, the US Geological Survey estimates that global reserves of lithium stand at 22 billion metric tons. Of that, 9.2 billion MT are located in Chile, and 5.7 billion MT are in Australia.

Where is lithium mined?

Lithium is mined throughout the world, but the two countries that produce the most are Australia and Chile. Australia’s lithium comes from primarily hard-rock deposits, while Chile’s comes from lithium brines. Chile is part of the Lithium Triangle alongside Argentina and Bolivia, although those two countries have a lower annual output.

Rounding out the top five lithium-producing countries behind Australia and Chile are China, Argentina and Brazil.

What is lithium used for?

Lithium has many uses, including the lithium-ion batteries that power electric vehicles, smartphones and other tech, as well as pharmaceuticals, ceramics, grease, lubricants and heat-resistant glass. Still, it is largely the electric vehicle industry that is boosting demand.

How to invest in lithium?

Those looking to get into the lithium market have many options when it comes to how to invest in lithium.

Lithium stocks like those mentioned above could be a good option for investors interested in the space. If you’re looking to diversify instead of focusing on one stock, there is the Global X Lithium & Battery Tech ETF (NYSE:LIT), an exchange-traded fund (ETF) focused on the metal. Experienced investors can also look at lithium futures.

Unlike many commodities, investors cannot physically hold lithium due to its dangerous properties.

How to buy lithium stocks?

Through the use of a broker or an investing service such as an app, investors can purchase lithium stocks and ETFs that match their investing outlook.

Before buying a lithium stock, potential investors should take time to research the companies they’re considering; they should also decide how many shares will be purchased, and what price they are willing to pay. With many options on the market, it’s critical to complete due diligence before making any investment decisions.

It’s also important for investors to keep their goals in mind when choosing their investing method. There are many factors to consider when choosing a broker, as well as when looking at investing apps — a few of these include the broker or app’s reputation, their fee structure and investment style.

Securities Disclosure: I, Georgia Williams, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.

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The final month of 2024 saw many long-term issues in the US cannabis industry stay unresolved.

Rescheduling is still in the works, and banking reform in the country has hit another roadblock.

Read on for more details on how these situations developed in December and how they may play out in the new year.

US cannabis rescheduling in limbo as new year begins

After a series of delays and procedural challenges, the US Drug Enforcement Administration’s (DEA) push to reschedule cannabis from a Schedule I substance to a Schedule III substance continued in December.

The process has been marked by a series of twists and turns as both proponents and opponents finalize witness lists ahead of a hearing that is now scheduled to begin on January 21.

In November, Chief Administrative Law Judge John Mulrooney II addressed several key issues, including the DEA’s witness list and a motion to remove the agency from its role as a proponent in the rescheduling process.

On December 2, a preliminary hearing was held to address procedural matters for rescheduling; no witness testimony was heard on that day. Afterward, on December 4, Mulrooney laid out the next steps in the cannabis rescheduling process, with testimony now set to be held between January 21 and March 6.

Supporters of the proposed rule, including the DEA as a designated proponent, will be the first to present their arguments, with opponents to follow. The parties will each be assigned a day to deliver their presentations.

Mulrooney also criticized the DEA for failing to submit required documents ahead of the preliminary hearing, and for failing to provide a complete list of the evidence it plans to present at the January hearing.

On December 5, lawyers representing Doctors for Drug Policy Reform (D4DPR) submitted a petition to a federal court, contesting the DEA’s refusal to allow it to participate in the proceedings. D4DPR requested that Mulrooney suspend the hearings while the US District Court for the District of Columbia Circuit conducts a review.

Soon after, the US Department of Justice asked a federal court to dismiss the lawsuit, arguing that it would be against public interest to delay proceedings any longer.

Adding to the complications, federal health officials denied the DEA’s request to have representatives from the Department of Health and Human Services testify at the 2025 hearing, prompting the agency to request that Mulrooney subpoena representatives of the department, a request that he ultimately granted.

As the new year begins, the fate of cannabis rescheduling hangs in the balance, with legal challenges, procedural disputes and interagency tensions adding to the uncertainty surrounding this pivotal moment in US drug policy.

Cannabis banking reform stalls again in the US

After over a year of uncertainty, sources for Marijuana Moment reported that Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) and House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-LA) blocked Majority Leader Chuck Schumer’s (D-NY) attempt to attach the SAFER Banking Act to a government funding bill in one of the last sessions of the year.

The move effectively sends the issue back to square one for a new Congress to deal with in 2025.

Although the lack of banking reform is discouraging to those in the cannabis industry, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) is now gathering information directly from marijuana businesses through focus groups to better understand the challenges these businesses face in accessing banking services under federal prohibition.

Interested parties can sign up to participate in the focus group here.

According to Marijuana Moment, the GAO will convene virtual focus groups in January or February 2025, perhaps in response to a request from a group of Democrats led by Senator Reverend Warnock (D-GA).

In December 2023, the group asked Comptroller General Gene Dodaro to allow the GAO to study how financial institutions can address negative effects economic effects of the War on Drugs.

Investor takeaway

December saw significant developments in US cannabis policy, but little forward momentum.

Rescheduling efforts continue to be mired in legal and procedural complexities, with the DEA facing criticism and challenges from various stakeholders. Meanwhile, the failure to pass the SAFE Banking Act once again leaves the cannabis industry without access to traditional banking services.

Securities Disclosure: I, Meagen Seatter, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.

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Galan Lithium Limited (ASX: GLN) (Galan or the Company) is pleased to announce that the Catamarca Ministro – Ministerio de Mineria (Mines Department Minister) has granted Galan the full Phase 2 mining permit for 21ktpa LCE production at its 100% owned HMW lithium brine project in Argentina. The grant of the permit means Galan has the ability to expand production up to 21ktpa LCE, subject to securing project finance and following the delivery of Phase 1 (up to 5.4ktpa LCE).

Highlights

  • Phase 2 Hombre Muerto West (HMW) mining permit has been granted, securing the pathway for Galan’s continued development at HMW at an efficient commercial scale up to 21,000 tpa LCE
  • The granted permit includes all construction activities including ponds, plant, onsite laboratory, power and other required infrastructure
  • HMW Phase 2 production would be cash flow positive at today’s lithium carbonate prices. Independent benchmarking highlights HMW as being within the first quartile of the lithium industry AISC cost curve
  • The granting of Phase 2 permits supports Galan’s application for the RIGI, Argentina’s new incentive regime for large scale investments
Galan’s Managing Director, Juan Pablo (JP) Vargas de la Vega, commented:

“We are delighted with the grant of the Phase 2 mining permit which continues to solidify our strong relationship with the local Catamarcan authorities. It will allow Galan to increase production over threefold from Phase 1 and produce a premium quality lithium chloride product, which is in high demand.

Importantly, HMW is positioned in the first quartile of the cost curve and Phase 2 production would be cash flow positive even at today’s prevailing lithium carbonate prices. HMW is now poised to be a long term and resilient globally significant source of lithium supply.”

Wood Mackenzie’s emissions benchmarking service has also placed HMW within the first quartile of the industry greenhouse gas emissions curve. Strong environmental, social and governance principles have been a governing tenet of the development strategy for HMW, which focuses on the production of a lithium chloride concentrate from conventional evaporation allowing for significantly reduced energy and water consumption. In line with Galan’s commitment to social principles, at least 70% local content in employment and contracting opportunities has been targeted at HMW and remains a keen focus for the Government of Catamarca and Galan. Skills and training opportunities have been provided to increase local participation, with a view to creating a skilled local workforce and supply chain for sustainable long-term operations.

Galan has demonstrated considerable progress on the HMW project, including:

  • 2019: Discovery well drilled, marking the inception of the HMW project.
  • 2020-2024: Mineral Resource established and expanded, now ranked as a global Top 20 lithium resource.
  • 2023: Secured all required approvals for Phase 1 construction and commenced construction.
  • 2024: Continued construction and built a lithium inventory in the ponds of over 6,000 tonnes LCE.
  • 2025: Full mining permit for Phase 2 granted, securing the pathway for continued development.

Chairman of Galan, Richard Homsany, commented:

“The grant of the Phase 2 mining permit is testament to the hard work and commitment of our dedicated team, and also highlights the strong long-term relationships we have fostered with the Government of Catamarca and local communities, who we sincerely thank for their continued ongoing support. Through action we have demonstrated the benefits of our HMW operations: economically though the generation of employment, procurement and trade opportunities and socially through education, community programs and training opportunities. We look forward to continuing to work in co-operation with the Government of Catamarca and all stakeholders to maximise the benefits of Galan’s operations in the community, and ensure they are sustainable.”

The HMW project is separated into four production phases. The Phase 1 DFS is based on the production of 5.4ktpa LCE of lithium chloride concentrate, with production anticipated in the second half of 2025.

The Phase 2 DFS, announced on 3 October 2023, targets medium-term production of 21ktpa LCE of lithium chloride concentrate. Arcadium Lithium Plc, which is subject to a change of control transaction from Rio Tinto Limited, produced around 20ktpa LCE from the adjacent mining permit at Salar de Hombre Muerto in 2023.

Phase 3 at HMW aims to achieve 40ktpa LCE within a 2-5 year horizon whilst Phase 4 represents a longer-term target of 60ktpa LCE, leveraging lithium brine sourced from both HMW and Galan’s other 100%-owned project in Argentina, Candelas.

The phased development of the HMW and Candelas Mineral Resources mitigates funding and execution risk and allows for continuous process improvement. The production of lithium chloride as a product is in demand from lithium converters as battery chemistry is trending towards lithium iron phosphate technology. Galan received permission to sell lithium chloride from the Catamarca Government earlier in 2024.

The Phase 2 mining permit also supports Galan’s application for the Argentinian Régimen de Incentivo para Grandes Inversiones (RIGI). Subject to meeting the eligibility criteria for RIGI, the RIGI can provide the following key incentives:

  • The corporate income tax rate is set at 25% (ordinarily 35%)
  • Accelerated depreciation
  • Absence of time limits in the computation of tax loss carry forwards
  • Concessions on import duty, VAT and withholding tax
  • Greater flexibility on foreign exchange movements
  • Fiscal stability for a period of 30 years

Galan’s JP Vargas de la Vega further stated:

“Our plan for HMW is unchanged, beginning with Phase 1. Our immediate focus is finalising the financing and offtake arrangements for Phase 1. Once secured, our operations team will complete construction and commence first production of lithium chloride concentrate. While the operations team advances Phase 1 construction our corporate team, supported by advisors, will commence a project financing process for Phase 2.”

Click here for the full ASX Release

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Copper prices saw impressive gains in 2024, even breaking the US$5 per pound mark in May. However, the red metal’s gains didn’t last, and by the end of the year copper had retreated back to the US$4 range.

The start of 2025 could be eventful, with Donald Trump returning to the Oval Office, a new stimulus package coming into effect in China and a continued push for greener technologies around the world.

What will these factors mean for copper prices in the new year? Will they rise, or can investors expect the base metal to remain rangebound? Here’s a look at what experts see coming for the important commodity.

How will Trump’s presidency impact US copper projects?

Trump will be sworn in for his second term as US president on January 20.

During his campaign, he made bold promises that could shake up the American resource sector, pushing a ‘drill, baby, drill’ mantra and committing to increasing oil production in the country.

When it comes to copper, Trump’s proposed changes to environmental regulations could have key implications. While the Biden administration has sought to toughen these rules, Trump will look to relax them.

“The former president has already pledged to overturn a 20 year moratorium on mining in Northern Minnesota. This pro-mining approach means more mines could be permitted and put into production,” she said.

One project that was being planned before the Biden administration restricted access to federal lands in the Superior National Forest belongs to Twin Metals Minnesota, a subsidiary of Antofagasta (LSE:ANTO,OTC Pink:ANFGF). The company has been working to advance its underground copper, nickel, cobalt and platinum-metals group project since 2006, and has submitted plans to state and federal regulatory agencies.

Another copper-focused project that may benefit from the incoming Trump administration is Northern Dynasty Minerals’ (TSX:NDM,NYSEAMERICAN:NAK) controversial Pebble project in Alaska.

The company has been exploring the Bristol Bay region since acquiring the property in 2001, but the US Army Corps of Engineers denied approval in 2020; the Environmental Protection Agency did the same in 2021.

Northern Dynasty has been fighting these decisions at both the state and federal level. It reached the Supreme Court in January 2024, but was denied a hearing until the dispute is examined at the state level.

On December 20, Alaska Governor Mike Dunleavy added his support for the project when he petitioned the incoming president to issue an Alaska-specific executive order on his first day in office. The order would effectively reverse decisions made by the Biden administration, including the permitting of the Pebble project.

In addition to Pebble, projects like Rio Tinto (ASX:RIO,NYSE:RIO,LSE:RIO) and BHP’s (ASX:BHP,NYSE:BHP,LSE:BHP) Resolution, and Hudbay Minerals’ (TSX:HBM,NYSE:HBM) Copper World, both of which are in Arizona, may benefit from Trump’s plan to reduce permitting times on projects worth over US$1 billion.

Currently, large-scale operations like these can take up to 20 years to move from exploration to production in the US. Copper is considered a critical mineral for the energy transition, and is increasingly becoming a security concern as the US is largely dependent on China for its supply of copper.

Copper price volatility expected under Trump tariff turmoil

As tensions continue to grow between the west and eastern nations like China and Russia, it may not take much to threaten markets for critical materials, including copper.

Trump has already promised to impose a 60 percent tariff on all goods coming from China.

A tariff on copper imports could upend the president-elect’s plans for the resource sector. It would increase the prices of copper imports and disrupt the overall economy.

“The risk is that the president-elect’s threatened tariffs, including 60 percent on China and 20 percent on all other nations, could derail global economic growth, lead to higher inflation and, with that, tighten monetary policy and also lead to a change in trade flows. Copper will suffer if demand takes a hit,’ Joannides said.

‘In addition, there is likely to be continued volatility in prices,” she added.

In its recent analysis of Trump’s policies, ING sees an overall negative impact on global metals demand.

The firm believes that many of his plans, including tariffs, will cause the US Federal Reserve take a longer-term approach to reducing interest rates, which could affect investment in large-scale copper projects.

S&P Global expressed a similar view after Trump’s win. Immediately after the election, copper prices sank 4 percent to fall under US$4.30, with the firm suggesting that is likely just the beginning. The organization notes that while the market may have already priced in Trump’s tariffs, a larger trade war could impact prices even further.

Economic recovery in China could further boost copper prices

China’s faltering economy has been a major headwind for copper over the past several years.

The country’s housing market accounts for roughly 30 percent of global demand for the red metal, meaning that any shifts could have significant implications for the copper market.

The sector has been struggling for the past few years as the country deals with economic issues, including fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused disruptions to supply chains and a spike in unemployment.

Ultimately, economic factors struck China’s real estate sector, an important driver of the country’s gross domestic product; this caused the collapse of the nation’s top two developers, China Evergrande Group and Country Garden.

So far, the government’s attempts to stimulate the economy and jumpstart the beleaguered real estate sector have largely failed. In September, it announced measures aimed at property buyers, such as reducing interest rates for existing mortgages by 50 points and cutting the minimum downpayment requirement for homes to 15 percent.

Other changes introduced at the time include more help from the People’s Bank of China, which will provide a lending facility for state-owned firms to acquire unsold flats for affordable housing.

China followed this up with an announcement in November that it will provide additional support for local governments by increasing their debt-raising capacity by 6 trillion yuan over the next six years.

While these measures may not be felt for some time, kickstarting the Asian nation’s real estate sector could be a boon for copper producers and investors.

“If the Chinese real estate market were to post a recovery, this would see domestic demand for copper tick higher and could lead to a tighter supply and demand balance overall assuming all other things remain unchanged. This would underpin even higher prices than we are currently projecting,” said Joannides.

Copper industry needs more investment dollars

With copper demand projected to grow long term, supply-side concerns are rising. According to Joannides, there is already recognition that copper exploration has been underinvested over the past few years.

‘Technology will likely help increase the chance of discovery, and broadly I would say that policymakers are now more supportive of mineral exploration as the push to secure critical raw materials supply has moved up the agenda.’

Joannides pointed to greenfield projects already in the pipeline, including Capstone Copper’s (TSX:CS,OTC Pink:CSCCF) Santo Domingo in Chile, Southern Copper’s (NYSE:SCCO) Tia Maria in Peru and Teck Resources’ (TSX:TECK.A,TECK.B,NYSE:TECK) Zarfanal in Peru.

There’s also Northmet, a Teck and Glencore (LSE:GLEN,OTC Pink:GLCNF) joint venture in Minnesota.

Rising copper prices could also increase the flow of money from the major companies into the junior space, where most of the exploration is currently occurring.

“Copper has become the standout strategic preference for the major mining companies. The risk-adjusted cost of developing organic copper assets is higher than the cost of acquiring them,” Joannides said.

This kind of acquisition activity could help reduce the development time of assets compared to companies starting exploration from scratch.

Investor takeaway

While copper supply and demand conditions are expected to remain tight in 2025, competing forces are at play.

One of the biggest factors is Trump’s return to the White House. If the president-elect takes action as quickly as he has promised, investors could soon gain insight on the long-term implications of his policies.

In terms of China, it will take time to get the property sector back to where it was before the pandemic; however, there may be sparks early in the year as new measures start to work their way through the market.

During 2025 it may be even more prudent than usual for investors to do their due diligence on copper and keep an eye on the forces that may affect the market.

Securities Disclosure: I, Dean Belder, hold shares of Northern Dynasty Minerals.

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Cygnus Metals and Doré Copper Mining said on Wednesday (January 1) that they have completed their merger.

The combined entity will be a critical minerals explorer and developer with two core assets in Québec, Canada.

Cygnus acquired all of the issued and outstanding common shares of Doré on Tuesday (December 31) through a Canadian statutory plan of arrangement, finalizing the deal. Cygnus shares are listed on the ASX under the symbol CY5, and are expected to start trading on the TSXV under the symbol CYG on or about Friday (January 3).

The company has also applied to list on the OTCQB under the ticker symbol CYGGF.

The merger of equals between Cygnus and Doré was announced this past October, with the companies emphasizing at the time that the deal would create value for shareholders on both sides. Under the agreement, each former Doré shareholder will receive 1.8297 Cygnus shares for each share they held before the transaction was finalised.

‘By combining the proven exploration and management skills of the Cygnus team with the high-grade resource and immense upside at the Chibougamau Copper-Gold Project, we have the potential to unlock substantial value,’ Cygnus Executive Chair David Southam said at the time, adding that plans for ‘aggressive exploration’ were in the works.

The new company’s two main assets are the Chibougamau copper-gold project and the James Bay lithium project.

Chibougamau currently has a measured and indicated resource of 3.6 million metric tons at 3 percent copper equivalent, and an inferred resource of 7.2 million metric tons at 3.8 percent copper equivalent.

James Bay’s Pontax project holds a resource of 10.1 million metric tons at 1.04 percent lithium oxide.

Doré brought the Chibougamau asset to the table, and in Wednesday’s release former President and CEO Ernest Mast said the Cygnus team has the ability to maximize the value of the project.

“This merger will provide the funding, additional expertise and the strategy aimed at generating superior shareholder returns with an exciting exploration program at Chibougamau,” he noted.

Southam will now act as executive chair of the new company, while Mast will hold the position of president and managing director in Canada. The board will also have two non-executive directors from each of the merged companies.

Cygnus said that results from a pre-Christmas drill program at Chibougamau are expected to be released early this quarter. Following on from that, the company will begin a drilling and geophysics program at the site.

Securities Disclosure: I, Gabrielle de la Cruz, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.

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Zodiac Gold Inc. (TSXV: ZAU) (‘Zodiac Gold’ or the ‘Company’), a West-African gold exploration company, is pleased to announce that, further to the Company’s news release dated November 20, 2024, it has closed its first tranche of its previously announced private placement (the ‘Offering’) for gross proceeds of approximately C$123,000 (the ‘First Tranche’). The net proceeds of the First Tranche will be used for exploration of the Company’s Todi gold project and for working capital purposes.

Pursuant to the First Tranche closing of the Offering, the Company issued 1,230,000 units of the Company (each a ‘Unit‘) at a price of C$0.10 per Unit. Each Unit consists of one common share of the Company (each, a ‘Common Share‘) and one common share purchase warrant (a ‘Warrant‘). Each Warrant will entitle the holder thereof to acquire one additional Common Share (a ‘Warrant Share‘) at a price of C$0.15 per Warrant Share until the date which is 24 months following the closing date of the First Tranche of the Offering.

The Company paid finder’s fees to certain finders, consisting of a cash fee of C$1,400 and 10,400 finder warrants (the ‘Finder Warrants‘) pursuant to the First Tranche. Each Finder Warrant entitles the holder to acquire one Common Share at a price of C$0.15 per share for a period of 24 months from the date of issuance.

All securities issued pursuant to the First Tranche closing of the Offering, including Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of Warrants, are and will be subject to a hold period of four months and one day after the date of closing of the First Tranche of the Offering.

The securities described herein have not been, and will not be, registered under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the ‘U.S. Securities Act‘), or any state securities laws, and accordingly, may not be offered or sold within the United States except in compliance with the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act and applicable state securities requirements or pursuant to exemptions therefrom. This press release does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation to buy any securities in any jurisdiction.

The Company also announces that it has received TSX Venture Exchange (‘TSXV’) approval to extend the closing of the Offering until January 30, 2025. The Company expects to close the balance of the Offering on or before January 30, 2025.

Insider Participation

An insider participated in the Offering and subscribed for an aggregate of 100,000 Units for a total of approximately C$10,000. Such participation is considered to be a ‘related party transaction’ as defined under the policies of the TSXV and Multilateral Instrument 61-101 – Protection of Minority Security Holders in Special Transactions (‘MI 61-101’). The Company has relied on exemptions from the minority shareholder approval and formal valuation requirements applicable to the related-party transactions under sections 5.5(a) and 5.7(1)(a), respectively, of MI 61-101, as the fair market value (as determined under MI 61-101) of the Units acquired by the insider and the consideration paid by such insider does not exceed 25% of the Company’s market capitalization. The Company did not file a material change report in respect of the related party transaction at least 21 days before the closing of the Offering, which the Company deems reasonable in the circumstances in order to complete the Offering in an expeditious manner.

Shares for Debt Settlement

In addition, the Company intends to settle an aggregate of C$166,425.30 owing to certain Director and service providers of the Company, including David Kol (Director and Chief Executive Officer), by issuing a total of 1,664,253 Common Shares to them at a price of C$0.10 per share. The amounts owing represent unpaid fees for services and expenses previously provided to the Company, as well as cash advances that have been previously provided to the Company to fund certain short-term working capital expenditures. The Company is proposing to complete these settlements to preserve cash to fund future operations. The disinterested members of the Company’s board of directors believe that the debt settlements are in the best interests of the Company and have unanimously approved them. Completion of the debt settlements is subject to the receipt of all necessary TSXV approvals.

Because insiders will be participating in the debt settlement, it is considered to be a ‘related party transaction’ as defined under the policies of the TSXV and Multilateral Instrument 61-101 – Protection of Minority Security Holders in Special Transactions (‘MI 61-101’). The Company is relying on exemptions from the minority shareholder approval and formal valuation requirements applicable to the related-party transactions under sections 5.5(a) and 5.7(1)(a), respectively, of MI 61-101, as neither the fair market value of the Common Shares to be issued to the participating insiders nor the consideration received from them exceeds 25% of the Company’s market capitalization.

About Zodiac Gold

Zodiac Gold Inc. (TSXV: ZAU) is a West-African gold exploration company focused on its flagship Todi Project situated in Liberia-an underexplored, politically stable, mining-friendly jurisdiction hosting several large-scale gold deposits. Strategically positioned along the fertile Todi Shear Zone, Zodiac Gold is developing a district-scale gold opportunity covering a vast 2,316 km2 land package. The project has undergone de-risking, showcasing proven gold occurrences at both surface and depth, with five drill-ready targets and high-grade gold intercepts.

For further information, please visit the Zodiac Gold website at www.zodiac-gold.com or contact:

David Kol
President & CEO
info@zodiac-gold.com

Forward-Looking Information

This news release includes certain ‘forward-looking statements’ within the meaning of Canadian securities legislation.

Forward-looking statements include predictions, projections, and forecasts and are often, but not always, identified by the use of words such as ‘seek’, ‘anticipate’, ‘believe’, ‘plan’, ‘estimate’, ‘forecast’, ‘expect’, ‘potential’, ‘project’, ‘target’, ‘schedule’, ‘budget’ and ‘intend’ and statements that an event or result ‘may’, ‘will’, ‘should’, ‘could’ or ‘might’ occur or be achieved and other similar expressions and includes the negatives thereof. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this release, including, without limitation, statements regarding the Company’s planned exploration programs and drill programs and potential significance of results are forward-looking statements that involve various risks and uncertainties. There can be no assurance that such statements will prove to be accurate and actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Forward-looking statements are based on a number of material factors and assumptions. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from Company’s expectations include actual exploration results, changes in project parameters as plans continue to be refined, results of future resource estimates, future metal prices, availability of capital, and financing on acceptable terms, general economic, market or business conditions, uninsured risks, regulatory changes, defects in title, availability of personnel, materials, and equipment on a timely basis, accidents or equipment breakdowns, delays in receiving government approvals, unanticipated environmental impacts on operations and costs to remedy same, and other exploration or other risks detailed herein and from time to time in the filings made by the Company with securities regulators. Although the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual actions, events, or results to differ from those described in forward-looking statements, there may be other factors that cause such actions, events, or results to differ materially from those anticipated. There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, and accordingly readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.

The securities described herein have not been, and will not be, registered under the United States Securities Act, or any state securities laws, and accordingly may not be offered or sold within the United States except in compliance with the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act and applicable state securities requirements or pursuant to exemptions therefrom. This press release does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation to buy any securities in any jurisdiction.

Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.

NOT FOR DISSEMINATION IN THE UNITED STATES

To view the source version of this press release, please visit https://www.newsfilecorp.com/release/235988

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To kick it off, our team asked five experts to share their highest-conviction sectors. Here’s what they had to say.

1. Rick Rule — Gold stocks for speculators, oil/gas for investors

Rick Rule of Rule Investment Media gave options for both speculators and investors when he answered the question, emphasizing that people should know which category they fall into.

2. Gareth Soloway — Gold

Gareth Soloway of VerifiedInvesting.com chose gold, saying he thinks it will be 2025’s best-performing asset due to a wide variety of factors, including concerning warning signs from the US stock market.

3. Lobo Tiggre — Copper

Copper is at the top of the list for Lobo Tiggre of IndepedentSpeculator.com, although he did consider silver as well.

Watch to see why he ultimately went with the red metal.

4. David Morgan — Energy

David Morgan of the Morgan Report is best known for his silver commentary, but when asked about his highest-conviction sector for 2025 he went in another direction, saying energy is the most important.

5. Frank Holmes — Data centers

Frank Homes of US Global Investors (NASDAQ:GROW) made a similar point, saying that energy demand from the fast-growing artificial sector will make data centers important to watch.

Securities Disclosure: I, Charlotte McLeod, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.

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Cameco (TSX:CCO,NYSE:CCJ) said on Thursday (January 2) that it has learned of a production halt at JV Inkai.

Kazatomprom (LSE:KAP,OTC Pink:NATKY), the company’s partner at the site, said JV Inkai was unable to obtain an extension for submitting updated Uranium Deposit Development documentation.

The extension wasn’t received due to a delay in submitting required documents to Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Energy.

The suspension at JV Inkai took effect on Wednesday (January 1).

Kazatomprom, which holds a 60 percent stake in the joint venture, instructed JV Inkai to prepare for the suspension to ensure compliance with local legislation. Cameco holds the remaining 40 percent interest.

According to Cameco, the delay in regulatory approval was unexpected.

The company reported that as late as December 26, communications from Kazatomprom and JV Inkai suggested the process to update documentation was proceeding without issues, with no indication that production might be at risk.

The formal notification of the suspension arrived on Tuesday (December 31), just one day before operations ceased.

Cameco expressed concern over the lack of prior warning, emphasizing that the suspension could affect uranium production volumes and financial returns in 2025 and 2026. The firm is currently seeking clarification from Kazatomprom regarding the circumstances that led to the regulatory delay and potential pathways to resume operations.

Cameco is also evaluating operational and financial impacts. The company noted that dividends from JV Inkai, which contribute to Cameco’s overall profitability, may be affected depending on the duration of the production halt.

The uranium miner acknowledged the possibility of prolonged regulatory delays, citing complex legal frameworks and potential amendments to resource use contracts in Kazakhstan. Cameco’s ongoing risk assessment will focus on mitigating impacts to shareholders, while maintaining compliance with Kazakh regulations.

Kazakhstan is currently the world’s largest uranium producer, and JV Inkai is a key supplier within the sector.

JV Inkai operates one of Kazakhstan’s most significant uranium deposits, contributing to Cameco’s global portfolio.

The suspension marks the first major disruption at JV Inkai since the joint venture’s establishment.

Cameco reassured stakeholders that it remains focused on supporting JV Inkai and Kazatomprom in navigating the regulatory process to ensure a timely return to production.

Securities Disclosure: I, Giann Liguid, hold no direct investment interest in any company mentioned in this article.

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Saga Metals Corp. (‘SAGA’ or the ‘Company’) (TSXV: SAGA) (OTCQB: SAGMF) (FSE: 20H) a North American exploration company focused on critical mineral discovery in North America, is pleased to provide a corporate update and review of key activities and achievements from 2024.

Key Corporate Highlights from 2024

  • Preparations made for maiden drill program at Double Mer Uranium Project: SAGA’s exploration team pinpointed 3 key zones along an 18-kilometer uranium-rich trend. Within each zone the team identified high-potential uranium with U 3 O 8 mineralization occurring in pegmatites and structurally enriched formations. Counts per Second (CPS) readings reached all time highs of 22,000 CPS in an outcrop and 27,000 CPS in a sub-rounded boulder. The consistent U 3 O 8 grades confirmed in 2024’s program found throughout pegmatite intrusions along the 18km trend are particularly encouraging for large tonnage resource potential . Drilling is scheduled to begin in early 2025, with an initial minimum of 1,500m program over the Luivik zone in the west.
  • Drill-ready targets at Radar Ti-V Project Confirmed: After completing only the second program at the titanium-vanadium (Ti-V) property, SAGA has been able to bring this project to drill-ready status. The Hawkeye zone has revealed itself as a textbook Ti-V enriched layered mafic intrusion and the project has the potential for multiple parallel structures. The Hawkeye Zone confirmed high-grade mineralization, with samples returning 2.5% – 11.1% TiO₂ and 0.2% – 0.66% V₂O₅. Geophysical surveys suggest the Hawkeye Zone’s potential width has increased from 500 meters to 1 kilometer and combined with the surface sampling has an inferred 4km mineralized strike.
  • High-grade iron ore potential at North Wind: Iron content (Fe₂O₃) in samples from the Sokoman Formation ranges from 4.88% to 84.57% , with the highest grades concentrated in the middle and lower iron formation members, spanning an impressive 600–700 meters in combined width and trends 4km NW-SE.
  • Exploration budget secured for Amirault Lithium Project: The Company recently completed a flow-through offering securing C$300,000 for an exploration program at the Amirault Lithium Project between Q2-Q3 2025 focused on mapping, sampling and prospecting across the 31,347.76 hectares. This project is contiguous to SAGA’S Legacy Lithium Project that is subject to the Option to Joint Venture with Rio Tinto.

SAGA’s Project Overview: Four 100% owned Projects in Top Mining Jurisdictions

1. Double Mer Uranium Project – Labrador, Canada

The Double Mer Uranium Project is Saga Metals’ flagship project, covering 1,024 claims across 25,600 hectares in eastern-central Labrador, approximately 90km northeast of Happy Valley-Goose Bay. Leveraging significant historical exploration data, SAGA’s exploration team validated and built upon the Company’s understanding of the project’s potential. 2024 work has refined the understanding of the targets within key zones, specifically supporting the decision to initiate a minimum 1500m drill program the Luivik zone in Q1 2025 .

SAGA sees the Double Mer Uranium Project as a promising addition to the significant uranium projects already established in Labrador’s Central Mineral Belt (CMB) , including Paladin Energy’s Michelin and Atha Energy’s CMB discovery. With encouraging surface samples and geophysical data, SAGA believes Double Mer could offer comparable large-tonnage Uranium potential.

Regional map of the Double Mer Uranium Project in Labrador, Canada

Regional map of the Double Mer Uranium Project in Labrador, Canada

Diverse Mineralization Styles Offer Exploration Upside

The 2024 Double Mer field program identified three styles of uranium mineralization across the 18km trend on the property:

  1. Mineralized granitic pegmatites , rich in uranophane and containing petrographic evidence of uraninite associated with biotite rich zones.
  2. Sheared pegmatites and gneissic rocks , showing high CPS readings and uranophane staining in biotite-rich areas.
  3. IOCG-style mineralization , characterized by iron carbonate staining and sheeted smokey quartz veins parallel to foliation.

Highly strained granitic pegmatite showing an East-West foliation and significant uranophane mineralization located in the Katjuk (Arrow) Zone. Photo showing biotite fabric in the pegmatite with localised stringers of garnet beads.

Highly strained granitic pegmatite showing an East-West foliation and significant uranophane mineralization located in the Katjuk (Arrow) Zone. Photo showing biotite fabric in the pegmatite with localised stringers of garnet beads.

Michael Garagan, CGO & Director of Saga Metals Corp., commented: ‘What should be noted as the most significant concept of the 2024 field program results is that we have economic U 3 O 8 % in the channels from 0.015-0.062 U 3 O 8 % in pegmatites which strike 18km. We have higher grade rock samples mapped in the areas among these channel samples showing the opportunity for more anomalous intercepts. The field mapping combined with uranium count radiometrics demonstrates that these pegmatites can be up to 500m wide in places and often averaging 200-300 m in width. This is the recipe we need to identify significant tonnage and that’s where a systematic method to drilling can pay off. What’s exciting about the Double Mer project is that we don’t need to overspend on a drilling strategy that focuses on chasing high grades. We just need to methodically test these zones across strike, step by step and with that will come the more exciting intercepts which can bolster composites and potentially the necessary data to support large tonnage.’

2024 channel and rock sample locations across the 18km strike at Double Mer

2024 channel and rock sample locations across the 18km strike at Double Mer

2. Legacy Lithium Project – Quebec, Canada

The Legacy Lithium Project spans 34,243 hectares located in Quebec’s renowned Eeyou Istchee James Bay region as is subject to the Option to Joint Venture Agreement with Rio Tinto’s subsidiary, Rio Tinto Exploration Canada (RTEC).

A map of the

A   map   of   the   ‘Lithium   Neighborhood’   at   the   Legacy   Lithium   Project   in   Quebec

  • Rio Tinto Partnership: Under the Option Agreement, Rio Tinto Exploration Canada (RTEC) has the option to acquire a 51% interest in SAGA’s Legacy Lithium Project over four years if it meets the following conditions:
    • C$410,190 cash payment to SAGA (received by SAGA in August 2024).
    • C$9.57 million in exploration spending, with at least C$1.71 million committed within the first 20 months.
    • Annual cash payments of C$68,365 (totaling C$273,460 ) and additional payments of C$225,000 for claim acquisitions owed by SAGA to the original property vendors.

Once RTEC earns the initial 51% interest, it has the option to increase its stake to 75% over five more years by spending an additional C$34.18 million on exploration. RTEC will oversee the project during both the first and second option periods, and a joint technical committee will plan the exploration programs.

The Legacy Lithium project covers 100km of striking paragneiss situated in a region known for lithium discoveries, including Winsome Resources Adina Project, Loyal Lithium’s Trieste Project, and Rio Tinto’s Galinee Project as shown in the map above.

Rio Tinto recently became one of the largest producers of lithium in the world with the approved takeover of Arcadium Lithium. On December 23, 2024, Arcadium Lithium announced its shareholders had approved the proposed Rio Tinto Transaction of an all cash deal for $5.85 per share. The Transaction represents a premium of 90% to Arcadium’s closing price of $3.08 per share on 4 October 2024, a premium of 39% to Arcadium’s volume-weighted average price (VWAP) since Arcadium was created on 4 January 2024, and values Arcadium’s diluted share capital at approximately $6.7 billion.

In Q1 2025, SAGA anticipates providing an update on RTEC’s exploration activities in 2024 and an outline of their plans for further exploration in 2025.

Amirault Lithium Project – Quebec, Canada

In Q2 2024, the Company announced an asset purchase agreement to acquire a 100% interest in 606 mining claims covering an area of 31,347.76 hectares in the Eeyou Istchee James Bay region of Québec known as the Amirault Lithium Project.

The Project is contiguous to SAGA’s Legacy Lithium project expanding the total contiguous land holdings to 1,274 claims spanning 65,849.20 hectares (658 square kilometers). The acquisition increases the Company’s foothold on the striking paragneiss, all of which can be considered prospective for pegmatites following the discovery trend of Winsome Resources, Azimut Exploration, Rio Tinto, and Loyal Lithium (See map of the ‘Lithium Neighborhood’ above).

The Company recently completed a flow-through offering securing C$300,000 for an exploration program at the Amirault Lithium Project between Q2-Q3 2025 focused on mapping, sampling and prospecting across the 31,347.76 hectares.

3. Radar Ti-V Project – Labrador, Canada

The Radar Ti-V Property is located 10km south of Cartwright in Labrador, Canada. The project spans 17,250 hectares and benefits from road access, supporting efficient exploration and development.

Map of the Radar Ti-V project and its proximity to the town of Cartwright, Labrador

Map of the Radar Ti-V project and its proximity to the town of Cartwright, Labrador

The 2024 Radar Ti-V exploration program focused on expanding prospecting, geological mapping, and soil sampling in areas near previously identified geophysical anomalies. These efforts have produced encouraging results that reinforce Radar’s potential for hosting significant titanium and vanadium mineralization.

Key Total Database Assay Highlights Include:

  • Titanium Dioxide (TiO2): 49 samples returned assay values exceeding 4.0%, with a peak value of 11.1%.
  • Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5): 36 samples exceeded 0.2%, with a high of 0.66%.
  • Iron (Fe): 34 samples returned values over 20%, reaching a high of 46.7%.

2024 fieldwork focused on identifying new zones across the property and confirmed the potential for three parallel zones hosting significant electromagnetic anomalies, now named:

  1. Hawkeye Zone
  2. Trapper Zone
  3. Unnamed Transitional Zone (between Hawkeye and Trapper)

The Hawkeye zone is the most prospective target on the property. Detailed geophysics and surface samples are suggestive of a complex and phased layered mafic intrusion that may be upwards of 1km wide and 4km long. Recent geophysics completed on the property show very detailed correlation to the rock samples and observed phase changes in the system.

Geophysics completed over a targeted area within the Hawkeye Zone increasing width to 1km and a projected

Geophysics completed over a targeted area within the Hawkeye Zone increasing width to 1km and a projected 4km strike

4. North Wind Iron Ore Project – Labrador, Canada

The North Wind Iron Ore property located 16 kilometers southwest of Schefferville, Quebec, within the prolific Labrador Trough, represents a secondary but high-potential asset within Saga Metals’ portfolio. The Labrador Trough, an extensive 1,100-kilometer suite of Proterozoic rocks, is renowned for hosting world-class iron ore deposits and is a major hub for iron ore exploration.

Regional map of the North Wind Iron Ore Project in Labrador, Canada

Regional map of the North Wind Iron Ore Project in Labrador, Canada

The North Wind property spans 6,375 hectares across 255 claim blocks under a single license. Its geological framework holds significant potential, reinforced by a portion of a historical resource estimate (NI 43-101 compliant) completed in 2013 by New Millennium Iron.

Historical exploration at North Wind includes data from eight drill holes, which averaged 20.74% Total Fe (iron) content over 590 meters drilled. Notably, the Lower Red Green Chert (LRGC), a key stratigraphic unit within the property, returned an average grade of 24.76% Fe across 277 meters drilled and was intercepted in all eight holes. This LRGC unit forms part of the Sokoman Formation’s ‘Lower Iron Formation,’ a high-priority target confirmed by both New Millennium Iron and SAGA’s exploration team.

As part of routine claims maintenance, SAGA conducted a comprehensive field program at the North Wind Iron Ore property in the summer of 2024. A total of 24 rock samples were collected, accompanied by key geological observations. The Sokoman Formation formed the core focus of exploration. This formation is subdivided into three stratigraphic members based on the following assay iron content (Fe₂O₃):

  • Upper Iron Member: 4.88%–33.43% Fe₂O₃
  • Middle Iron Member: 47.44%–60.43% Fe₂O₃
  • Lower Iron Member: 13.31%–75.06% Fe₂O₃

The 2024 field program confirmed a 4km NW-SE mineralization trend with combined surface thickness of the mineralized zones ranging from 600–700 meters , underlining the project’s scale and high-grade potential.

Mike Stier, CEO & Director of Saga Metals Corp., commented: ‘As 2024 saw the completion of ground truthing across multiple projects, 2025 will be concentrated on drilling! We are proud of the hard work accomplished this past year and look forward to taking this data into 2025 and accelerating our understanding of our portfolio of projects. Completing our IPO was pivotal for the Company and sets the stage for increased funding sources as we aim to garner drill results during Q1/Q2 2025.’

Digital Marketing Services Agreement with Machai Capital Inc.

The Company further reports that it entered into a digital marketing services agreement dated January 2, 2025 (the ‘ Marketing Agreement ‘) with Machai Capital Inc. (‘ Machai ‘). Pursuant to the Marketing Agreement, Machai will, among other things, provide the Company with certain marketing services to expand investor awareness of the Company’s business and to communicate with the investment community (the ‘ Services ‘).

The Services will include, among other things, (i) branding, content and data optimization to assist the Company to create in-depth marketing campaigns, (ii) tracking, organizing and executing the Services through search engine optimization, search engine marketing, lead generation, digital marketing, social media marketing, email marketing, and brand marketing. In consideration of the Services, and pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Marketing Agreement, the Company has agreed to pay Machai a fee of €140,000 (plus applicable taxes) over a 31-day term.

The Services will be rendered primarily online through a variety of news and investment community communications channels. Suneal Sandhu, the President of Machai – located at 101 – 17565 – 58 Avenue, Surrey, BC, V3S 4E3 and contacted at 1 (604) 375-0084 and suneal@machaicapital.com – will be involved in conducting the promotional activity. Machai and Mr. Sandhu do not currently own any common shares or common share derivatives in the capital of the Company.

About Saga Metals Corp.

Saga Metals Corp. is a North American mining company focused on the exploration and discovery of critical minerals that support the global transition to green energy. The company’s flagship asset, the Double Mer Uranium Project, is located in Labrador, Canada, covering 25,600 hectares. This project features uranium radiometrics that highlight an 18-kilometer east-west trend, with a confirmed 14-kilometer section producing samples as high as 4,281ppm U 3 O 8 and spectrometer readings of 22,000cps.

In addition to its uranium focus, SAGA owns the Legacy Lithium Property in Quebec’s Eeyou Istchee James Bay region. This project, developed in partnership with Rio Tinto, has been expanded through the acquisition of the Amirault Lithium Project. Together, these properties cover 65,849 hectares and share significant geological continuity with other major players in the area, including Rio Tinto, Winsome Resources, Azimut Exploration, and Loyal Lithium.

SAGA also holds secondary exploration assets in Labrador, where the company is focused on the discovery of titanium, vanadium, and iron ore. With a portfolio that spans key minerals crucial to the green energy transition, SAGA is strategically positioned to play an essential role in the clean energy future.

For more information, contact:
Saga Metals Corp.
Investor Relations
Tel: +1 (778) 930-1321
Email: info@sagametals.com
www.sagametals.com

Qualified Person

Peter Webster P.Geo. CEO of Mercator Geological Services Limited is an Independent Qualified Person as defined under National Instrument 43-101 and has reviewed and approved the technical information related to the Double Mer Uranium Project, Radar Ti-V Project and North Wind Iron Ore Project disclosed in this news release.

The TSX Venture Exchange has not reviewed and does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or adequacy of this release. Neither the TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Service Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.

Cautionary Disclaimer

This news release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of applicable securities laws that are not historical facts. Forward-looking statements are often identified by terms such as ‘will’, ‘may’, ‘should’, ‘anticipates’, ‘expects’, ‘believes’, and similar expressions or the negative of these words or other comparable terminology. All statements other than statements of historical fact, included in this release are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. In particular, this news release contains forward-looking information pertaining to the prospective nature of the Company’s projects and future exploration programs and services provided under the promotional agreement with Machai. There can be no assurance that such statements will prove to be accurate and actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the Company’s expectations include, but are not limited to, changes in the state of equity and debt markets, fluctuations in commodity prices, delays in obtaining required regulatory or governmental approvals, environmental risks, limitations on insurance coverage, risks and uncertainties involved in the mineral exploration and development industry, and the risks detailed in the Company’s Prospectus filed under its profile at www.sedarplus.ca and in the continuous disclosure filings made by the Company with securities regulations from time to time. The reader is cautioned that assumptions used in the preparation of any forward-looking information may prove to be incorrect. Events or circumstances may cause actual results to differ materially from those predicted, as a result of numerous known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, many of which are beyond the control of the Company. The reader is cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking information. Such information, although considered reasonable by management at the time of preparation, may prove to be incorrect and actual results may differ materially from those anticipated. Forward-looking statements contained in this news release are expressly qualified by this cautionary statement. The forward-looking statements contained in this news release are made as of the date of this news release and the Company will update or revise publicly any of the included forward-looking statements only as expressly required by applicable law.

Photos accompanying this announcement are available at

https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/08d54e09-1f12-4946-b0e7-a09dcfa7210d

https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/d65e6681-3c17-4231-afdd-11e5ce22b66b

https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/5216c9c9-4d1f-469e-b0ad-aa67b59c1e55

https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/43996bf4-6cc2-4079-a0a7-075b1380adc5

https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/3cdce137-588a-4189-985a-bf908ea70a6b

https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/590b56b8-515a-4789-b7e9-cd39f9c627cb

https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/5f996549-d5dd-4f98-9d75-5b03b694b445

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Trillion Energy International Inc. (‘ Trillion ‘ or the ‘Company ‘) (CSE: TCF) (OTCQB: TRLEF) (Frankfurt: Z62), announces that the Company’s Board of Directors has accepted Arthur Halleran’s resignation and retirement as Chief Executive Officer and Director of the Company, effective December 27, 2024.   Mr. Art Halleran served as CEO since 2017 and spearheaded the SASB development project to date.

The Company is conducting an executive search, committed to selecting and appointing a seasoned executive with capital markets and technical experience to lead the Company as CEO. The recruitment process is well under way and the Board of Directors is committed to concluding the transition as soon as possible. The new CEO will focus on exploiting existing assets and strategically enter new plays to increase overall value to all shareholders.

Trillion is pleased to announce that Mr. Sean Stofer P.E., is appointed Chairman of the Board of Directors, and will also assume the role of interim Chief Executive Officer, while the Company completes its executive search for a permanent CEO. Mr. Stofer is a graduate of the University of British Columbia in Engineering and has over 20 years of energy industry leadership and governance experience. Sean has a proven record of founding several successful energy companies and delivering high growth through operational excellence. He has worked on the conventional energy projects and the development of hundreds of megawatts of power projects including solar, wind, hydroelectric and recently the arctic’s largest solar array; Sean was awarded the Top 40 Under 40 in Vancouver, Canada for his business achievements.

Mr. Burak Tolga Terzi has been appointed as a Vice President and Deputy General Manager for the Company. Mr. Terzi holds a Bachelor of Business Administration and Master’s degree in Business Administration and has over 17 years of experience in various management positions.Mr. Terzi previously worked for companies such as Valeura Energy Inc. in Turkey, Weatherford International, SOCAR AQS (the State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic), in various roles. With extensive experience in the oil and gas industry, Mr. Terzi has held various roles across multiple companies, gaining comprehensive expertise in both commercial and technical aspects of the business. He has successfully managed and contributed to deep and shallow onshore and offshore drilling projects and underground gas storage projects, demonstrating a strong understanding of their operational and financial components. Additionally, Mr. Terzi has valuable experience in navigating complex challenges while ensuring cost-effective solutions and efficient execution.

Mr. Scott Lower CPA, has been appointed as President of the Company effective immediately. Mr. Lower has served in a consulting role for the Company for several years primarily in the public markets space and and was recently appointed as President of one of the Company’s subsidiaries, Park Place Energy. Mr. Lower holds his CPA designation, a Bachelors of Business Administration from SFU and has a background in finance and public markets.

The Company additionally plans to create an advisory board consisting of industry veterans and seeks to add two more directors as part of its overall transitional plan in Q1 2025.

Interim CEO & Chairman Mr. Sean Stofer remarked:

‘We would like to thank Mr. Halleran for his years of dedicated service as CEO in the early development of SASB and Trillion. We look forward to a transformational year for Trillion, by ramping up production leveraging existing assets and acquiring additional assets. The Company is committed to the process of new appointments to drive future growth and success for Trillion shareholders.’

About the Company

Trillion Energy International Inc is focused on oil and natural gas production for Europe and Türkiye with natural gas assets in Türkiye. The Company is 49% owner of the SASB natural gas field, a Black Sea natural gas development and a 19.6% (except three wells with 9.8%) interest in the Cendere oil field. More information may be found on www.sedar.com , and our website.

Contact
Sean Stofer, Chairman
1 604 787 1715
E-mail: info@trillionenergy.com
Website: www.trillionenergy.com

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This news release may contain certain forward-looking information and statements, including without limitation, statements pertaining to the Company’s ability to obtain regulatory approval of the executive officer and director appointments. All statements included herein, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking information and such information involves various risks and uncertainties. Trillion does not undertake to update any forward-looking information except in accordance with applicable securities laws.

These statements are no guarantee of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties, delay, change of strategy, and assumptions that are difficult to predict and which may change over time. Accordingly, actual results and strategies could differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. These factors include unforeseen securities regulatory challenges, COVID, oil and gas price fluctuations, operational and geological risks, changes in capital raising strategies, the ability of the Company to raise necessary funds for development; the outcome of commercial negotiations; changes in technical or operating conditions; the cost of extracting gas and oil may increase and be too costly so that it is uneconomic and not profitable to do so and other factors discussed from time to time in the Company’s filings on www.sedar.com, including the most recently filed Annual Report on Form 20-F and subsequent filings. For a full summary of our oil and gas reserves information for Turkey, please refer to our Forms F-1,2,3 51-101 filed on www.sedar.com, and or request a copy of our reserves report effective December 31, 2022 and updated January 31 2023.

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